干扰与植被关系研究的特点和面临的挑战

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.04.0582

生态学家在全球、区域、局地、景观、生态系统、植被、种群、物种等各个尺度研究干扰的生态作用。就植被与干扰的关系而言，生态学家一方面关注植被对干扰的适应，另一方面关注干扰对植物种群、群落、生态系统的结构、过程和功能的再调节。综合干扰作用和受干扰生态系统的恢复是干扰与植被关系研究的重要组成部分。干扰的生态作用研究面临诸多挑战，诸如背景局限、比较局限、方法局限、认知局限。目前，大多数的相关研究是为资料（即为相关综合提供例证研究）、实证（即检测已存在的理论和假说）和实践（即为特定的生态恢复提供依据）而开展的。对植物干扰适应机制的高度的理论概括和对干扰状况下全球植被动态进行预测是目前研究干扰的生态作用的生态学家面临的最大挑战。

关键词: 植物, 干扰, 尺度, 适应, 生态

With the intensified interference of human activities with natural ecosystems, research in disturbance was attached with great importance in resent years again. Ecological researchers have carried out numerous researches in disturbance at various scales, such as global, regional, local, and landscape, ecosystem, vegetation, population and even species. On the relationship between vegetation and disturbance, when the adaptation of plants to disturbance was intensively studied, the impacts of disturbance on the structure, process and function of ecosystem were scrutinized by ecologists. Multi-factors disturbance and the restoration of vegetation after disturbed are popularly identified as the key aspect of disturbance and vegetation research.
Disturbance research is facing a great number of challenges, such as inference of a result from specific study to a universal conclusion, uncomparability between case studies, methodological limitation and limitation of knowledge of vegetation. Most of the present researches were implemented for the purposes of data collection (for supplying data for integrated study), verification (for testing some proposals or hypotheses) and practice (supplying information for vegetation restoration). Thus, the greatest challenge to the ecologists is to probe the adaptive mechanism of vegetation to disturbance and prediction of the global vegetation dynamics.

Key words: Vegetation, Distubrance, Scale, Adaptability.

中图分类号:

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摘要

CHARACTERISTICS AND CHALLENGES IN THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEGETATION AND DISTURBANCE 