天然气水合物气候效应研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.05.0565

天然气水合物富含温室气体甲烷，且资源量巨大，对气候变化又十分敏感，在全球变暖的背景下其气候效应倍受关注，近年来的研究工作又取得了一些新进展。首先，天然气水合物资源量的估算进一步精确，海洋中天然气水合物资源量的最新估算值仅为原先的1/5，从根本上限制了其气候效应的显著性；其次，大气中来自天然气水合物的甲烷通量被重新评估，发现甲烷气体在海水中的搬运方式对其通量有决定性影响，“气泡方式”和“水合物包壳”都可以减少甲烷在海水中的氧化作用，从而增加了进入大气的甲烷通量；此外，与天然气水合物释放相关的气候变化驱动机制被进一步完善，不再片面地强调天然气水合物的绝对驱动，而是引入了湿地等其他因素作为驱动气候变化的共同因子。简而言之，天然气水合物与气候变化之间的因果关系仍然存在争议，但是其对气候变化所产生的反馈作用不容质疑。

关键词: 全球变暖, 天然气水合物, 温室效应, 反馈作用, 极地冻土带

It has been strongly discussed that gas hydrates play a key role in global climate changing, in terms of huge inventory, sensitivity to the climate change and the greenhouse effect. The recent advances in climatic effects study of gas hydrates could be generalized as follows. Firstly, the inventory was accurately constrained by the new data, one fifth of the previous estimate, which basically restricted the possibility of gas hydrates effect on the climate. Secondly, the flux of methane escaped from gas hydrates to the atmosphere was estimated based on different transporting mechanisms. It is found that both “gas bubble” and “hydrates shell” could efficiently prevent methane from dissolving and oxidizing, hence largely increasing the flux. Last but not least, gas hydrates dissociating was rethought as one of climate driving factors, closely together with other processes, such as marsh activating, to drive the climate change. In short, whether gas hydrates is the cause of the climate change will continually be debated, and should be traced deeply, but its huge feedback has been proved.

Key words: Global warming, Gas hydrates, Greenhouse effect, Feedback, Permafrost.

中图分类号:

P744.4
X16

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Advances in Climatic Effects Study of Gas Hydrates