地幔流体与成矿作用

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1995.04.0323

地球科学进展 ›› 1995, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 323 -329. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1995.04.0323

地幔流体与成矿作用

曹荣龙,朱寿华

中国科学院广州地球化学研究所广州 510640

收稿日期:1994-07-20 修回日期:1994-09-29 出版日期:1995-08-01
通讯作者: 曹荣龙
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“地授流体与软流层地球科学”(编号:49133090)资助.

THE MANTLE FLUID AND METALLOGENY

Cao Ronglong, Zhu Shouhua

Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou 510640

Received:1994-07-20 Revised:1994-09-29 Online:1995-08-01 Published:1995-08-01

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地球内部流体的活动乃是形成各种矿床的必要条件，是导致矿物聚积和金属成矿作用的前提。随着地球科学的进展，作为地球内部流体的重要组成部分，地幔流体受到越来越多的重视。本文在解剖世界首例白云鄂博地幔流体交代稀土矿床的基础上，初步总结了地幔流体与成矿作用的基本问题。

关键词: 地幔流体, 超大型矿床, 地壳中的地幔交代作用, 地球脱气效应

    Generally, the activity of various fluids in Earth’s interior has been commonly considered as the fundamental condition for the mineralization and metallogeny. With the advance in Earth sciences, the mantle fluid has been attracted attention for its special function. Recent years a mantle fluid replacement ore deposit in China was discovered by the authors.
    The Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, northern China is the world’s largest known rare earth elements(REE) ore deposit. In view of the overall low Sr isotopic ratios of REE minerals, the metallogenetic elements, REE and Nb etc. are thought to be derived from mantle source and a large involvement of older crustal material can be ruled out. The carbon and oxygen within the REE fluocarbonate minerals are composed of mantle C and O; meanwhile, the surphur in the associated surphides belong to the moteorites, according to their isotopic composition. It is suggested that the REE ore-forming solution was not the hydrothermal brine from crustal source, but would be the mantle fluid that has never been documented in the classical works of economic geology and traditional metallogeny. Hence, it might be a unique mantle fluid metasomatic REE ore deposit in the world.
    In this paper, the basic problems on the mantle fluid and related metallogeny have been summarized.

Key words: Mantle fluid, Super-giant mineral deposits, Mantle metasomatism in crust, Earth degassing.

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