地球科学进展 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 332 -338. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.03.0332

生态学研究 上一篇    下一篇

不同类型生物土壤结皮固氮活性及对环境因子的响应研究
苏延桂 1,2,李新荣 2,赵昕 2,李爱霞 2,陈应武 3   
  1. 1.中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐830011;
    2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃兰州730000;
    3.河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003
  • 收稿日期:2009-10-15 修回日期:2010-09-16 出版日期:2011-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 苏延桂 E-mail:guiruian@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“温带荒漠区生物土壤结皮对土壤碳通量的影响”(编号:41001067)和“蚁类对固沙植被生态系统的影响”(编号:40971156);国家自然科学杰出青年基金项目“干旱沙区土壤—植被系统修复的生态水文学机理”(编号:40825001)资助.

The Nitrogenase Activity of Biological Soil Crusts and Their Responses to Environmental Factors

Su Yangui 1,2, Li Xinrong 2, Zhao Xin 2, Li Aixia 2,Chen Yingwu 3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi830011, China;
    2.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions and Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou730000,China;
    3.Forestry Colleague of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, China
  • Received:2009-10-15 Revised:2010-09-16 Online:2011-03-10 Published:2011-03-10

利用乙炔还原法对腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区3种生物土壤结皮(藻结皮、地衣结皮和苔藓结皮)的固氮活性及生物结皮固氮活性对模拟不同降雨量(1、3和5 mm)、温度(13、24和28 ℃)和光强(0、400和1 000 μmol/(m2·s))的响应进行研究。结果表明:不同类型生物结皮的固氮活性差异显著,依次为:藻结皮(16.6 mmol/(m2·h))>地衣结皮(6.9 mmol/(m2·h))>苔藓结皮(2.6 mmol/(m2·h));水分和温度对生物结皮的固氮活性具有显著影响,光强无显著影响。生物结皮的固氮活性在3和5 mm降雨显著高于1 mm降雨;在24 ℃下显著高于13 ℃;并且,3种生物结皮的固氮活性对环境因子变化的敏感性不同。生物结皮具有固氮能力,特别是结皮演替早期的藻结皮,它们对荒漠生态系统土壤氮素输入具有重要贡献,而降雨量和温度是控制生物结皮固氮活性的2个关键因素。

Acetylene reduction was employed to study the nitrogenase activity (NA) of three types of biological soil crusts (algal, moss and lichen crusts) and the responses of NA to precipitation (1 , 3 and 5 mm), light intensity (0, 400 and 1 000 μmol/(m2·s)) and air temperature (13, 24 and 28 ℃) were also investigated under the laboratory condition. Results showed that NA differed significantly among crusts, with highest value occurring for algal crusts (16.6 mmol/(m2·h)), followed by lichen (6.9 mmol/(m2·h)) and moss crusts(2.6 mmol/(m2·h)). Precipitation and temperature significantly affected the NA, while light intensity had no effect on NA. The 3 and 5 mm precipitations significantly activated NA compared with 1 mm precipitation. NA was profoundly enhanced under the air temperature of 24 ℃ compared with 13 ℃. Therefore, firstly, this study indicated that biological soil crusts have the capability of nitrogen fixation, especially the algal crusts, which contributed profoundly to the soil nitrogen input in the desert ecosystems; secondly, the precipitation and temperature are the regulating factors for NA.

中图分类号: 

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[1] 李新荣,张元明,赵允格. 生物土壤结皮研究:进展、前沿与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(1): 11-24.
[2] 王新平,康尔泗,李新荣,张景光. 荒漠地区土壤初始状况对水平入渗的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(4): 592-596.
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