地球科学进展 ›› 2002, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 477 -486. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.04.0477

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

绿洲地理特征及其气候效应
张强 1,胡隐樵 2   
  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃 兰州 730020;2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2001-10-16 修回日期:2002-01-29 出版日期:2002-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 张强(1965-),男,甘肃靖远人,研究员,主要从事大气边界层、陆面过程、绿洲气象学和城市大气环境等领域的研究.E-mail:qzhang@ns.lzb.ac.cn E-mail:qzhang@ns.lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“我国重大气候和天气灾害形成机理和预测理论的研究”(编号G1998040906-2);国家自然科学基金项目“利用现有资料确定西北地区陆面过程参数”(编号:40175004);中科院知识创新领域前沿项目“绿洲和临近荒漠小气候特征在绿洲自我维持机制中的作用”(编号:210039)资助.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF OASIS

ZHANG Qiang 1, HU Yin-qiao 2   

  1. 1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorlogical Administration, Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute , CAS,Lanzhou  730000,China
  • Received:2001-10-16 Revised:2002-01-29 Online:2002-12-20 Published:2002-08-01

根据绿洲的一些共性给出了绿洲的科学定义。并且根据以往大量研究成果,系统地归纳了世界上绿洲分布的区域类型、形成的客观条件、需要的水文环境、植被和土壤类型及其分类等地理特征,全面总结了绿洲"冷岛"结构、"冷岛"效应、"湿岛"结构、临近荒漠逆湿、高额可利用能量、风屏作用、动力和热力效应、增雨作用等主要气候效应。在此基础上,提出了绿洲具有系统性、对水的依赖性、高比照性、尺度性、高效性、脆弱性、演化性等本质特性。最后还讨论了人类活动对绿洲的作用和影响。

 According to the common natures of oases in the world, scientific conception of oasis is given out. Based on a lot of the previous research results, the distribution regions of oasis, the objective conditions forming oasis, the hydrological environment of oasis, oasis vegetation types, oasis soil types and other geographical features of oasis are induced systematically. In the same time, the cold island structure of oasis, the cold island effect of oasis, the humid island structure of oasis, the humidity inverse of atmospheric surface layer over desert near oasis, surface high utilizable energy (or net radiation), wind barrier effect, dynamic effects, thermodynamic effects, effect of enhancing rain and other climatic effects are summarized comprehensively. And from the geographic features and climatic effects of oases in the world, the essential properties, such as systematization, dependence on water, high contrast, proper scale extent, high efficiency, frailty and gradual evolution, which is of all oases, are pointed out. Finally, the effects of human action on oasis are discussed, and the problems and suggestions on oasis research are inquired into.

中图分类号: 

[1] Cloudsley-Thmpson J L. Man and Biology of Arid Zones[M]. Maryland:Maryiland University Press, 1984.
[2] Shen Yuling. The discussion of the concept of oasis[J]. Arid Land Geography,1994,17(2):70-74.[沈玉凌.“绿洲“概念小议[J]. 干旱区地理,1994,17(2):70-74.]
[3] Gao Huajun. The distribution and types of oasis in China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 1987,10(4):23-29.[高华君. 我国绿洲分布与类型[J].干旱区地理,1987,10(4):23-29.]
[4] Liu Xiujuan. The philosophical thought on concept of oasis[J]. Environmental Protect of Xinjiang,16(4):253-258.[刘秀娟. 对绿洲概念的哲学思考[J].新疆环境保护,1994,16(4):253-258.]
[5] Han Delin. The oasis system and its geographical construction[J]. Arid Land Geography,1992,15(suppl.):67-74. [韩德麟. 绿洲系统与绿洲地理建设[J]. 干旱区地理,1992,15(增刊):67-74.]
[6] Walter H. The World Vegetation[M]. Beijing: Sciences Press, 1984.[Walter H.世界植被[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1984.]
[7] Jia Baoquan. Approach to some theoretical problems on oasis landscape[J]. Arid Land Geography,1996,193(3):58-65.[贾宝全.绿洲景观若干理论问题的探讨[J]. 干旱区地理,1996,19(3):58-65.]
[8] Xiao Duning. Landscape Ecology—Theory, Method and Application[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 1991.[肖笃宁. 景观生态学——理论、方法与应用[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,1991.]
[9] Zhang Linyuan, Wang Naiang. Desert and Oasis of China[M]. Lanzhou: Gansu Education Press, 1994.[张林源,王乃昂. 中国的沙漠和绿洲[M]. 兰州: 甘肃教育出版社,1994.]
[10] Tang Qicheng. Water resource and oasis construction of Talimu basin[J]. Natural Resources, 1989,6(6):28-36.[汤奇成. 塔里木盆地水资源与绿洲建设[M]. 自然资源,1989,(6):28-36.]
[11] Jiang Dehua, Wang Guoqing. The developing model of irrigated agriculture of the oases in Kuche in Xinjiang[J]. Natural Resources,1991,(6):27-32.[姜德华,王国清. 新疆库车绿洲灌溉农业发展模式[J].自然资源,1989,(6):27-32.]
[12] Deng Yongxin, Fan  Zili, Han De lin.The study on prediction  of the artificial oases scale in arid area[J]. Arid Land Research, 1992, 9(1):53-58.[邓永新,樊自立,韩德麟. 干旱区人工绿洲规模的预测研究[J].干旱区研究,1992,9(1):53-58.]
[13] Chen Changyu. The actual water resources and its fitting farmland area [J]. Arid Land Resources and Environment, 1995, 9(3):122-128.[陈昌毓.河西走廊实际水资源及其确定的适宜绿洲和农田面积[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(3):122-128.]
[14] Zhang Qiang, Yu Xuequan. Numerical simulation of oasis-induced mesoscale atmospheric flow and its sensitivity of key factors[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2001, 20(1):58-65.[ 张强,于学泉.干旱区绿洲诱发的中尺度运动的模拟以及关键因子的敏感性实验[J]. 高原气象,2001,20(1):58-65.]
[15] Xue Jukui, Hu Yinqiao. Numerical simulation of oasis-desert interaction [J]. Progress in Natural Science, 11(5):154-157.[薛具奎,胡隐樵,绿洲与沙漠相互作用的数值实验研究[J]. 自然科学进展,2001,11(5):154-157.]
[16] Zhang Jiacheng. Summarization of China Climate[M]. Beijing: Meteorology  Press, 1991.[张家诚. 中国气候总论[M]. 北京:气象出版社,1991.]
[17] Zhang Qiang, Hu Yinqiao, Cao Xiaoyan, et al. On some problems of arid climate system of northwest China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000,20(4):357-362.[张强,胡隐樵,曹晓彦等.论西北干旱气候的若干问题[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(4):357-362.]
[18] Luo Zhexian. Global drought and desertization[A]. The Report to China Science and Technology (Climate) [C]. 1990. 282-286.[罗哲贤. 全球干旱与沙漠化[A]. 中国科学技术蓝皮书第五号(气候)[C]. 1990. 282-286.]
[19] Cheng Guodong, Xiao Duning, Wang Genxu. On the characteristics and building of landscape ecology in arid area[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1999,14(1):11-15.[程国栋,肖笃宁,王根绪.论干旱区景观生态特征与景观生态建设[J]. 地球科学进展[J].1999,14(1):11-15.]
[20] Hu Yinqiao, Gao Youxi. Some new understandings of land-surface processes in arid area from the HEIFE[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1994, 52(3):285-296.[胡隐樵,高由禧. 黑河实验(HEIFE)——对干旱区陆面过程的一些认识[J].气象学报,52(3):285-296.]
[21] Su Congxian, Hu Yinqiao. Microclimate characterics and “cold island effect ”over the oasis in the Hexi Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmsopheric Sciences,1987, 11(4):390-396.[苏从先,胡隐樵. 河西地区绿洲小气候特征和冷岛效应[J]. 大气科学,1987,11(4):390-396.]
[22] Su Congxian, Hu Yinqiao. Cold island  effect over oasis and lake[J]. Chinese Sciences Bulletin, 1988, 10(3) :756-758.[苏从先,胡隐樵. 绿洲和湖泊的冷岛效应[J]. 科学通报,1987,10(3):756-758.]
[23] Hu Yinqiao. The numerical simulation of a strong cold island[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 1987, 6(1):1-8.[胡隐樵.一个强“冷岛”的数值试验结果[J]. 高原气象,1987,6(1):1-8.]
[24] Zhang Qiang, Hu Yinqiao, Wang Xihong. The Characters of micrometeorology on farmland in oasis in HEIFE region[J]. Plateau Meteorology,1992, 11(4):361-370.[张强,胡隐樵, 王喜红.黑河地区绿洲内农田微气象特征[J].高原气象,1992,11(4):361-370.]
[25] Wang Junqin, Hu Yinqiao, Chen Jiayi, et al. Some characteristics of structure of planetary boundary layer over HEIFE Arid[J]. Plateau Meteorology,1994,13(3):299-306.[王俊勤,胡隐樵,陈家宜,等. HEIFE区边界层某些结构特征[J]. 高原气象,1994,13(3):299-306.]
[26] Su Congxian, Hu Yinqiao. Structure of the planetary boundary layer ober oasis cold island[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1988, 2(4):527-543.
[27] Zuo Hongchao, Hu Yinqiao. Seasonal variation of microclimatic characteristics for oasis and Gobi in HEIFE and their comparative analysis[J]. Plateau Meteorology,13(3):246-256.[左洪超,胡隐樵. 黑河地区绿洲和戈壁小气候特征的季节变化及其对比分析[J]. 高原气象,1994,13(3):246-256.]
[28] Hu Yinqiao, Yang Xueli, Zhang Qiang. The characters of energy budget on the Gobi and desert surface in Hexi region[J].  Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1992, 26(1):82-91.
[29] Zhang Qiang, Hu Yinqiao, Yang Yufeng. The Variability process of atmosphere over heterogeneous underlying surface in Hexi Region [J]. Plateau Meteorology,1996, 15(3):282-292.[张强,胡隐樵,杨瑜峰.河西地区非均匀下垫面的大气变性过程[J]. 高原气象,1996,15(3):282-292.]
[30] Zhang Qiang, Hu Yinqiao, Zhao Yingdong. Moisture  transport of atmosphere in the process of preservation of oasis in the west arid region[A]. In: Li Jijun, et al eds. The Collected Papers on  Environmental Resources and Sustainable Development in Chin Northwest Region[C]. Lanzhou:  Lanzhou University Press, 1998. 39-46.[张强,胡隐樵,赵映东. 西北干旱区绿洲维持过程中水分的输送特征[A]. 见: 李吉均,等编.西北资源环境与可持续发展文集[C]. 兰州: 兰州大学出版社,1998. 39-46.]
[31] Hu Yinqiao, Qi Yuejin, Yang Xuanli. Preliminary analyses about characteristics of microclimate and heat energy budget in Hexi Gobi(Huayin)[J]. Plateau Meteorology,1990, 9(2):113-119.[ 胡隐樵,奇跃进,杨选利. 河西戈壁(化音)小气候和热量平衡特征的初步分析[J]. 高原气象,1990, 9(2):113-119.]
[32] Hu Yinqiao. Research advance about the energy budget and transportation of water vapour in the HEIFE area[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1994, 9(4):30-35.[胡隐樵. 黑河试验(HEIFE)能量平衡和水汽输送研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1994, 9(4):30-35.]
[33] Zhang Qiang, Zhao Ming. Field  experiment and numerical simulation of inverse humidity of atmosphere over desert ear oasis[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 57(6):729-740.[张强,赵鸣. 绿洲附近荒漠大气逆湿的外场观测和数值模拟[J]. 气象学报,1999,57(6):729-740.]
[34] Zou Jiling, Hou Xuhong, Ji Guoliang. Preliminary study of surface solar radiation properties in “HEIFE”  area in late Summer[J]. Plateau Meteorology,1992, 11(4):381-388.[邹基玲,侯旭宏,季国良. 黑河地区夏末太阳辐射特征的初步分析[J]. 高原气象,1992,11(4):381-388.]
[35] Wang Yuchao, Zhao Chengyi. Studies on desert-oasis ecological fragile zone [J]. Arid Land Resources and Environment,2001, 15(2):25-31.[王玉朝,赵成义.绿洲—荒漠生态脆弱带的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(2):25-31.]
[36] Hu Fei. On some aerodynamic characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 1990, 20(3):328-340.[胡非大气边界层的一些空气动力学特征[J]. 力学学报,1990,20(3):328-340.]

[1] 汤秋鸿,刘星才,李哲,运晓博,张学君,于强,李俊,张永勇,崔惠娟,孙思奥,张弛,唐寅,冷国勇. 陆地水循环过程的综合集成与模拟[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(2): 115-123.
[2] 王思佳,刘鹄,赵文智,李中恺. 干旱、半干旱区地下水可持续性研究评述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(2): 210-223.
[3] 张克存, 安志山, 蔡迪文, 郭紫晨, 王军战. 沙漠—绿洲过渡带近地表风沙过程研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(9): 1018-1027.
[4] 刘学, 张志强, 郑军卫, 赵纪东, 王立伟. 关于人类世问题研究的讨论[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(5): 640-649.
[5] 李大治, 晋锐, 车涛, 高莹, 耶楠, 王树果. 联合机载PLMR微波辐射计和MODIS产品反演黑河中游张掖绿洲土壤水分研究 *[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(2): 295-305.
[6] 邬建国, 何春阳, 张庆云, 于德永, 黄甘霖, 黄庆旭. 全球变化与区域可持续发展耦合模型及调控对策[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(12): 1315-1324.
[7] 贾永锋,郭华明. 高砷地下水研究的热点及发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(1): 51-61.
[8] 冯起,李宗礼,高前兆,司建华. 石羊河流域民勤绿洲生态需水与生态建设[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(7): 806-814.
[9] 陈晓宏,涂新军,谢平,李艳. 水文要素变异的人类活动影响研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25(8): 800-811.
[10] 史威,李世杰,马春梅,朱诚,张蕾. 中坝和中堡岛遗址文化堆积连续性的自然及人类活动因素[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25(5): 523-532.
[11] 王革丽,吕达仁,杨培才. 人类活动对大气臭氧层的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(3): 331-337.
[12] 肖生春,肖洪浪. 黑河流域水环境演变及其驱动机制研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(7): 748-755.
[13] 赵哈林,大黑俊哉,周瑞莲,李玉霖,左小安,黄刚. 人类活动与气候变化对科尔沁沙质草地植被的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(4): 408-414.
[14] 赵转军,南忠仁,王胜利,刘晓文,陶燕. 干旱区绿洲土壤共存重金属元素形态变化及生物有效性实验分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(11): 1193-1200.
[15] 王芳,葛全胜. “地球系统过程与人类活动”2006年联合学术会议简报[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(4): 433-433.
阅读次数
全文


摘要