沉积盆地超压系统演化、流体流动与成藏机理

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2001.01.0079

地球科学进展 ›› 2001, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 79 -85. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2001.01.0079

郝芳 ¹,董伟良 ²

1.石油大学,北京昌平 102200; 2.中海石油有限公司湛江分公司,广东湛江 524057

收稿日期:2000-05-09 修回日期:2000-07-17 出版日期:2001-02-01
通讯作者: 郝芳(1964-),男,内蒙古赤峰人,教授,主要从事石油地质研究. E-mail:haofang@cug.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“中国典型叠合盆地油气形成富集与分布预测”09课题(G1999043309)资助.

ACCUMULATION IN OVERPRESSURED SYSTEMS IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS

HAO Fang ¹, DONG Wei-liang ²

1.University of Petroleum,Beijing Changping 102200,China;
2.CNOOC China Limited-Zhanjiang,Zhanjiang 524057,China

Received:2000-05-09 Revised:2000-07-17 Online:2001-02-01 Published:2001-02-01

压实不均衡和生烃,特别是生气作用是可独立产生大规模超压的主要机制。根据超压顶面的几何形态、超压的发育机制、超压系统的内部结构和演化,可将超压系统分为封隔型超压系统和动态超压系统2类。超压流体的排放包含2个层次:从超压泥岩向邻近输导层的初次排放和从超压系统向上覆常压系统或相对低超压系统的二次排放。封隔型超压系统的流体排放主要通过周期性顶部封闭层破裂进行,动态超压系统的流体排放可能主要通过断裂或其它构造薄弱带、超压顶面隆起点和超压系统内构造高点处的水力破裂集中进行。超压盆地油气倾向于在静水压力系统富集,并具有幕式充注特征,但超压系统既可发育商业型油藏,也可形成大型气藏。

关键词: 超压系统, 生压机制, 水力破裂, 幕式流体排放, 超压油气聚集

Compaction dis equilibrium and hydrocarbon generation especially gas generation are the two mechanisms that could generate alone considerable overpressures. Based on the three dimensional shape of the top of overpressured systems, the main cause of overpressure and the inner structure of the overpressured systems, two types of overpressured systems could be classified: compartmentalized overpressured systems and dynamic overpressured ones. Overpressured fluid expulsions occur in two levels: primary expulsion from overpressured shales to nearby sandstones, and secondary expulsion from the whole overpressured system to overlying normal pressured system. In compartmentalized overpressured systems, the fluid drains mainly through episodically opened hydraulic fractures in top seals. In dynamic overpressured systems, secondary fluid expulsions occur along faults or fractures at the highs of the tops of overpressured system or structural highs within the overpressured systems. Petroleum in overpressured basins tends to accumulate preferentially in the normal pressure systems due to natural fracture of sediments and resultant cross formation migration. However, both commercial oil accumulation and large gas reservoirs could be formed in overpressured system.

Key words: Overpressured systems, Mechanisms of overpressuring, Hydraulic fracture, Episodic fluid expulsion, Petroleum accumulation.

中图分类号:

P618.130.2

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