遥感技术在陆面过程研究中的应用进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2001.03.0359

探讨了当前陆面过程(LSP)研究的特点,指出遥感在陆面过程研究中的应用以及陆面过程国际合作实验是突出的特点,进而对遥感技术的陆面参数获取、地表能量通量的计算以及与LSP模式的结合研究及进展进行了综述。根据不同特征的地表参数选择光学遥感或微波遥感已成共识,而综合利用不同遥感数据获取同一种地表参数也已成为研究热点,当前及今后发射的携载多种遥感仪器的众多遥感卫星为此项研究提供了条件;遥感与LSP模式的结合研究是遥感在陆面过程研究中深入应用的一个方面,国际陆面过程合作实验是这项研究的重要保证。

关键词: 遥感技术, 陆面过程, 地表参数, LSP模式, 反演算法

At the present time remote sensing technology, because of its prominent advantages, is playing an important role in land surface processes (LSP)research. Main characteristics of land surface processes research can be summarized as follow: (1)more and more meteorologists pay attention to LSP research;(2)international cooperative research on LSP become very active;(3)interdisciplinary cooperative research between different research fields is being improved to LSP research;(4)remote sensing technology becomes one of necessary tools in LSP research. With the development of remote sensing technology, more and more land surface parameters such as albedo, emissivity, land surface temperature(LST) and soil moisture etc. can be retrieved from satellite remotely sensed data, and the retrieval precise of the parameters become better and better. Optical remote sensing (including visible, near infrared and thermal infrared remote sensing) prove to be effective in retrieving the parameters such as albedo, LST and emissivity, and a lot of retrieval algorithms have been developed. For example, LST, an important land surface parameter, can be estimated well by means of split window algorithms from NOAA/AVHRR data. In contrast to optical remote sensing, microwave remote sensing (both active and passive) has great advantages in retrieving soil moisture. By using the relation between σ₀,backscattering coefficient and, soil moisture or the relation between T B, brightness temperature of radiometer and soil moisture, we can estimate the value of soil moisture from microwave remotely sensed data. The capacity of the microwave sensors to penetrate non raining clouds makes them very attractive for use as soil moisture sensors. After reviewing the various algorithms of remote sensing to retrieve land surface parameters and calculate surface energy fluxes and combination of remote sensing with land surface processes models, we concluded that:(1) it is known to all to choose optical or microwave remote sensing according to the feature of the parameter;(2) it becomes a focus that one parameter is derived by various kinds of remote sensing data;(3) studing on combination of remote sensing with LSP models will be improved by the international land surface processes experiments.

Key words: Retrieval algorithms, Remote sensing technology, Land surface processes, Land surface parameter, Land surface processes models.

中图分类号:

P404
TP79

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摘要

ADVANCES IN APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY TO LAND SURFACE PROCESSES RESEARCH