地球科学进展 ›› 2003, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2): 245 -250. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.02.0245

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

评述异常压力研究中的石油地质学新思想
刘晓峰   
  1. 中国地质大学资源学院,湖北 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2002-04-20 修回日期:2002-09-12 出版日期:2003-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓峰 E-mail:xfliu@cug.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家教委重点基金资助项目“超压盆地流体系统及成藏动力学”(编号:重点01038)资助.

REVIEW OF NEW IDEAS OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL FLUID PRESSURE SYSTEM

Liu Xiaofeng   

  1. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
  • Received:2002-04-20 Revised:2002-09-12 Online:2003-04-10 Published:2003-04-01

在对异常压力的认识不断深化的过程中,凝结出许多新的概念和思想,为现代石油地质学理论注入了新的内容。关于超压生成与有机质成熟-生烃的关系虽有争议,但大多数主张超压对有机质成熟和生烃起抑制作用;在超压的背景下,生烃、排烃以及烃类的运移和聚集常呈现出幕式的特征;压力驱动是流体活动和油气运移的重要动力;动态运移通道是油气运移的新型通道;通常压力过渡带是油气聚集的有利场所;在超压的含油气盆地中,可能发现的非传统油气聚集有异常压力的气饱和封存箱、水力破裂-泥岩裂缝油气藏、烃水倒置的油气藏等。异常压力的储层具有相对独立性。

Many new ideas and concepts were proposed as a consequence of development in the abnormal fluid pressure studies, which have been promoting the advance of modern petroleum geology. On the problem of the relationships between abnormal pressure and hydrocarbon generation, majorities agreed with overpressure retardation of organic matter maturation and petroleum generation. The retardation is also favorable for the preservation of hydrocarbon. Under the condition of overpressured environments, hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, migration and formation of pools are always charactered by episodic pattern. Pressure driving force is a significant dynamic condition for fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration. In the overpressure environments, the dynamic migration routes that include hydraulic fractures, faults and fluid diapir structures may occur as consequence of hydrocarbon generation and overpressure development. The coincidence of excess porosity associated with overpressure is very commom. Most hydrocarbons production occurred in the transition zone between hydropressured and overpressured sediments. This knowledge has been provided a new approach to exploration in most sedimentary basins.  Unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation associated with abnormal pressure system, such as anomalously pressured tight gas sand or sweet-spots, hydraulic fracture-fractured shale reservoirs, and pools with petroleum overlain by water can be found in abnormally pressured sedimentary basins.

中图分类号: 

[1] Dickinson G. Geological aspects of abnormal reservoir pressures in gulf coast Louisiana [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1953,37(2): 410-432.

[2] Law B E, Spencer W C. Abnormal pressure in hydrocarbon environments [A]. In: Law B E, Ulmishek G F, Slavin V I, eds. Abnormal Pressures in Hydrocarbon Environments[C]. AAPG Memoir 70, 1998. 1-12.

[3] Martinsen R S. Summary of published literature on anomalous pressures: Implications for the study of pressure compartments[A]. In: Ortoleva P J, eds. Basin Compartments and Seals[C]. AAPG Memoir 61, 1995. 27-38.

[4] Burrus J, Osadetz K G, Wolf S, et al. A tow-dimensional regional basin model of Willisssston Basin hydrocarbon systems [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1996, 80:265-291.

[5] Burrus J. Overpressure models for clastic rocks: their relation to hydrocarbon expulsion: A critical reevaluation [A]. In: Law B E, Ulmishek G F, Slavin V I, eds. Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments[C]. AAPG Memoir 70, 1998. 35-63.

[6] Spencer C W. Hydrocarbon generation as a mechanism for overpressuring in Rocky Mountain region [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1987,71(4): 368-388.

[7] Bredehoeft J D, Wesley J B, Fouch T D. Simulations of the origin of fluid pressure, fracture generation and the movement of fluid in the Uinta basin, Utah [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1994,78: 1 729-1 747.

[8] Law B E, Dickison W W. Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulation in low-permeability reservoirs [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1985, 69(8): 1 295-1 304.

[9] Hunt J M. Generation and Migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1990,74(1): 1-12.

[10] Barker C. Calculated volume and pressure changes during the thermal cracking of oil to gas in reservoirs [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1990,74(8): 1 254-1 261.

[11] Fang H, Yongchuan S, Sitian L, et al. Overpressure retardation of organic- matter petroleum generation: A case study from the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, South China sea [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1995, 79(4): 551-562.

[12] Cecil B C, Stanton R W, Robbins E I. Geologic factors controlling coalification and hydrocarbon maturation [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1977, 61(5): 775.

[13] Price L C, Wenger L M. The influence of pressure on petroleum generation and maturation as suggested by aqueous pyrolysis [J]. Organic Goechemistry, 1992, 19: 141-159. 

[14] McTavish R A. Pressure retardation of vitrinite diagenesis, Offshore Northwest Europe [J]. Nature, 1978, 271(5 646): 648-650.

[15] McTavish R A. The role of overpressure in the retardation of organic matter maturation [J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1998,21(2): 153-186.

[16] Enguehard F, Kressmann S, Domine F. Kinetics of dibutylether pyrolysis at high pressure: Experimental study [J]. Organic Goechemistry, 1990, 16(1/3): 155-160.

[17] Zhou Zhongyi, Sheng Guoying. Paleogeothermal gradient in the Tarim Basin and oil(gas) prospects at great depths [J]. Geochimica, 1985, 14(3): 236-241.[周中毅,盛国英. 塔里木盆地古地温与深部找油(气)前景[J]. 地球化学, 1985, 14(3): 236-241.]

[18] Holm G. How abnormal pressures affect hydrocarbon exploration, exploitation [J]. Oil and Gas Journal, 1998, 96(2): 79-84.

[19] Powers M C. Fluid release mechanisms in compacting marine mudstones and their importance in oil exploration [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1967, 51(7): 1 240-1 254.

[20] Dickey P A. Possible primary migration from source rock in oil phases [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1975, 59(2):337-345.

[21] Chen W, Ortoleva P. Reaction front fingering in carbonate cemented sandstones [J]. Earth Science Reviews, 1990, 29(1/4):183-198.

[22] Anderson R N. Recovering dynamic Gulf of Mexico reserves and U.S. energy future [J]. Oil and Gas Journal, 1993, 91(17): 85-91.

[23] Roberts S J, Nunn J A. Episodic fluid expulsion from geopressured sediments [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 1995,12(2): 195-204.

[24] Roberts S J, Nunn J A. Expulsion of abnormally pressured fluid along faults [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996,101(B12): 28 231-28 252.

[25] Xie Xinong, Liu Xiaofeng, Hu Xiangyun, et al. Hydrofracturing and associated episodic hydrocarbon expulsion of mudstones in overpressured basin [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 1998, 17(4): 59-64.[解习农,刘晓峰,胡祥云,.超压盆地中泥岩的流体压裂与幕式排烃作用[J]. 地质科技情报, 1998, 17(4): 59-64.]

[26] Xie X X, Li S T, Dong W L, et al. Conduit system and formation mechanism of heat fluids in diapiric belt of Yinggehai basin, China [J]. Science in China(D), 1999, 42(6): 561-571.

[27] Xie X X, Li S T, Dong W L, et al. Overpressure development and hydrofracturing in the Yinggehai basin, South China Sea [J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1999,22(4): 437-454.

[28] Xie X X, Li S T, Dong W L,et al. Evidence for episodic expulsion of hot fluids along faults near diapiric structures of the Yinggehai basin, South China Sea [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2001, 18: 715 -728. 

[29] Mei lianfu, Xu Sihuang. Mechanism and significance of natural hydraulic fracturing of sediments in sedimentary basins [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 1997,16(1): 39-45.[梅廉夫,徐思煌. 沉积盆地沉积物天然水利破裂理论及意义[J]. 地质科技情报, 1997, 16(1): 39-45.]

[30] Dewers T, Ortoleva P. Nonlinear dynamical aspects of deep basin hydrology:Fluid compartment formation and episodic fluid release[J]. American Journal of Science, 1994, 294(5): 713-755.

[31] Liu Xiaofeng, Xie Xinong. Overpressure relief and its implication to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2001, 20(4): 51-56.[刘晓峰, 解习农. 超压释放及其对油气运移和聚集的意义[J]. 地质科技情报, 2001, 20(4):51-56.]

[32] Zhang Shulin, Huang Yaoqin, Huang Xiongwei. Fluid diapir structure and its geneses[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 1999,18(2):19-22. [张树林, 黄耀琴, 黄雄伟. 流体底辟构造及其成因探讨[J]. 地质科技情报, 1999,18(2): 19-22.]

[33] Capuano R M. Evidence of fluid flow in microfractures in geopressured shales [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1993,77(8):1 303-1 314.

[34] Capuano R M. Evidence of fluid flow in microfractures in geopressured shales:Reply [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1994,78(10): 1 641-1 646.

[35] Cartwright J A. Episodic basin-wide fluid expulsion from geopressured shale sequences in the North Sea basin [J]. Geology, 1994,22(5): 447-450.

[36] Mei lianfu, Fei Qi, Xu Sihuang. Natural hydraulic fault systems of "T2"sequence in Songliao basin[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1996,21(6): 632. [梅廉夫, 费琪, 徐思煌. 松辽盆地“T2”天然水力断裂系统[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1996,21(6): 632.]

[37] Holm G M. Distribution and origin of overpressure in the Central Graben of the North Sea[A]. In:Law B E, Ulmishek G F, Slavin V I, eds. Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments [C]. AAPG Memoir 70, 1998. 123-144.

[38] Ma Qifu, Chen Sizhong, Zhang Qimiong, et al. Overpressured Basins and Hydrocarbon Accumulations [M]. Beijing: Geological Press, 2000. 1-253.[马启富, 陈斯忠, 张启明,. 超压盆地与油气分布[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 2000. 1-253.]

[39] Du Xu, Zheng Hongyin, Jiao Xiuqiong. Abnormal pressure and hydrocarbon accumulation [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1995, 2(3/4):137-148.[杜栩,郑洪印,焦秀琼. 异常压力与油气分布[J]. 地学前缘, 1995,2(3/4): 137-148.]

[40] Leach W G. New exploration enhancements in S Louisiana Tertiary sediments [J]. Oil and Gas Journal, 1993,91(9): 83-87.

[41] Chen Jianping, Huang Difan, Huo Yonglu, et al. Formation and mechanism of the abnormal pressure zone and its relation to oil and gas accumulations in the eastern Jiuquan basin, Northwest China [J]. Science in China(D), 1996, 26(1): 9-15. [陈建平, 黄第藩, 霍永录, . 酒东盆地异常流体压力带及与油气分布的关系[J]. 中国科学:D, 1996, 26(1):9-15.]

[42] Surdam R C, Jiao Z S, Martinsen R S. The regional pressure regime in Cretaceous sandstone and shale in the Powder river basin [A]. In: Ortoleva P, eds. Basin compartments and seals[C]. AAPG Memoir 61, 1994. 213-233.

[43] Surdam R C, Jiao Z S, Heasler H P. Anomalously pressured gas compartments in Cretaceous rocks of the Laramide Basins of Wyoming: A new class of hydrocarbon accumulation[A]. In: Surdam R C, eds. Seals, Traps, and the Petroleum System[C]. AAPG Memoir 67, 1997. 199-222.

[44] Surdam R C. A new paradigm for gas exploration in anomalously pressured "Tight gas sands" in the Rocky Mountain Laramide basins [J]. In: Surdam R C, eds. Seals, Traps, and the Petroleum System [C]. AAPG Memoir 67, 1997.283-298.

[45] Fertl W H. Abnormal Formation Pressures:Implications to Exploration, Drilling, and Production of Oil and Gas Resources[M]. New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1978.1-365.

[46] Magara K. Compaction and Fluid Migration: Practical Petroleum Geology [M]. New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1978. 1-313.

[47] Luo Xiaorong, Yang Jihai, Wang Zhenfeng. The overpressuring mechanism in aquifers and pressure prediction in basins [J]. Geological Review, 2000, 46(1): 22-31.[罗晓容, 杨计海, 王振峰. 盆地内渗透性地层超压形成机制及钻前压力预测[J]. 地质论评, 2000, 46(1): 22-31.]

[48] Osborne M J, Swarbrick R E. Mechanisms for generating overpressure in sedimentary basins: A reevaluation [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1997, 81:(6): 1 023-1 041.

[49] Hao Fang, Li Sitian, Gong Zaisheng, et al. Mechanism of diapirism and episodic fluid inJections in the Yinggehai basin [J]. Science in China(D), 2002,45(2): 151-159.

[50] Wilkinson M, Darby D, Haszeldine R S, et al. Secondary porosity generation during deep burial associated with overpressure leak-off: Fulmar Formation, United Kingdom Central Graben[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1997, 81(5): 803-813.

[1] 田在艺. 我国石油地质学的进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 1990, 5(1): 1-4.
阅读次数
全文


摘要