地下水人工回灌堵塞问题研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.09.0973

地下水人工回灌堵塞问题的产生与回灌水质、入渗介质的矿物成分及颗粒组成特征等多种因素有关，通常根据成因将堵塞分为物理堵塞、化学堵塞和生物堵塞3种类型。大颗粒悬浮物的物理堵塞效应与机理的研究比较成熟，但对于中间颗粒，尤其是胶体颗粒物的堵塞作用机制的研究还相对比较薄弱;化学堵塞的机理复杂，影响因素众多，水文地球化学模拟技术在化学堵塞机理的研究中显示了良好的应用前景;生物堵塞主要由回灌水中细菌和藻类等微生物的繁殖和代谢导致，大量的研究集中在细菌方面，对藻类引起的堵塞问题研究尚不深入;多种堵塞的相互作用过程和作用机理是目前研究的难点问题。堵塞预测的方法主要包括3种：①指标法（如MFI、悬浮物浓度、浊度、AOC、BFR等），简单实用，但不能对堵塞演化过程进行描述或对堵塞程度进行定量表达;②经验公式法，受特定场地的条件限制，难以直接推广和利用;③解析公式法，对堵塞机理的表达更加科学、合理，但模型的建立与求解难度较大。通过合理的水质预处理技术和合理的回灌工艺，可以有效延迟堵塞发生的时间、减缓堵塞累积的程度。开发快速、高效、简单的堵塞处理技术对于延长工程使用寿命和降低经济成本具有重要的现实意义。

关键词: 地下水人工回灌, 堵塞, 含水层储存与回采

The generation of clogging problem during artificial recharge of groundwater has something to do with the quality of recharge water source, mineral and grain characteristics of aquifer. According to the formation reason, clogging is generally divided into physical, chemical and biological types. Physical clogging generated by large particles was understood very well, but the clogging mechanism of intermediate and colloidal particles were not very clear. The mechanism of chemical clogging, which has lots of influence factors, is very complicated. The geochemistry modeling method will be a powerful tool to study the chemical clogging process. The biological clogging was induced by growth and metabolizable products of microbiology bodies in recharge water sources. Most of researches focus on the bacteria clogging, but much less on the algae clogging problems. During actual artificial recharge process, several clogging types usually take place together, but the predominant type is different in different time and space. Therefore, the interaction process and its mechanism is one of the difficult problems. There are three methods to predict clogging process: the first one is specific indexes, such as MFI, concentration of suspended solid, turbidity, AOC and BFR, etc. This kind of method is much easier to use, but it can not describe or quantify the evolution process. The second method is experiential way, which is limited by specific field sites, and hard to use directly. The third method is analytic model, which is more scientific and reasonable than above methods, but it is hard to set and solve the analytical model. With appropriate pre-treatment of recharge water quality and recharge technologies, the taking place time of clogging can be delayed and the clogging degree can be lighten. Developing the rapid, efficient and simple technologies is very useful to prolong the longevity of recharge facilities and to reduce the economic cost.

Key words: Artificial recharge of groundwater, Clogging, Aquifer storage and recovery

中图分类号:

P641

[1] Li Yange. Study on the Construction of Ground Reservoir[M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2007.[李砚阁.地下水库建设研究[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2007.]
[2] Ding Wanxin. Water pollution events in China[J].Environmental Protection, 2007,(14):83-85.[丁莞歆. 中国水污染事件纪实[J].环境保护, 2007,(14):83-85.]
[3] Hu Jianping, Sui Zhaoxian, Chen Jie. Study on geological environmental effect after banning groundwater pumping in Su-Xi-Chang area[J].Jiangsu Geology,2006, 30(4):261-264.［胡建平,隋兆显,陈杰.苏锡常地区地下水禁采后的地质环境效应研究[J].江苏地质, 2006, 30(4):261-264.］
[4] Zhang Ouyang, Xu Jiongxin,Zhang Hongwu,et al. Flood hazards and resources effects and their inter-transform mod[J].Journal of Natural Disaster,2003,(1):25-30.［张欧阳,许炯心,张红武,等.洪水的灾害与资源效应及其转化模式[J].自然灾害学报,2003,(1):25-30.］
[5] Li Chang′an, Yin Hongfu. One of the solutions for shortage of China's freshwater resources[J].Science and Technology Review, 2001,(7):3-5.［李长安,殷鸿福.充分认识和利用洪水的淡水资源属性[J].科技导报,2001,(7):3-5.］
[6] Hu Yichang, Dong Wenjie, He Yong. Progress of the study of extreme weather and climate events at the beginning of the twenty first century[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(10): 1 066-1 075.［胡宜昌,董文杰,何勇.21世纪初极端天气气候事件研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(10): 1 066-1 075.］
[7] Wang Jiashu. Water Resources and Country Security[M]. Beijing: Earthquake Publishing House,2002.［王家枢.水资源与国家安全[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.］
[8] Du Xinqiang, Liao Zisheng, Li Yan′ge, et al. Study on the distribution and storage of water resources by groundwater reservoir[J].Science and Technology Progress and Policy,2005,22(2): 178-180.［杜新强,廖资生,李砚阁,等.地下水库调蓄水资源的研究现状与展望[J].科技进步与对策,2005,22(2):178-180.］
[9] Du Xinqiang, Li Yan′ge, Ye Xueyan. Study on concept,types and grades of groundwater reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2008,(2):209-214.［杜新强,李砚阁,冶雪艳.地下水库的概念、分类与分级问题研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报,2008,(2):209-214.］
[10] Huang Jinlin, Chi Baoming, Lu Ying, et al. Advances on rain-flood regulation and storage technology by groundwater storage space[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2008,27(2): 123-127.［黄金林,迟宝明,路莹,等.地下储水空间雨洪资源调蓄技术的研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(2):123-127.］
[11] Barrett M E, Taylor S. Retrofit of storm water treatment controls in a highway environment[C]//The Fifth International Conference of Sustainable Techniques and Strategies in Urban Water Management.2004:243-250.
[12] Sun Ying, Miao Liwen. Current situation investigation and prospect analysis of artificial recharge of ground water in Beijing city[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2001,(1):21-23.［孙颖,苗礼文.北京市深井人工回灌现状调查与前景分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,(1):21-23.］
[13] Lindsey G, Roberts L, Page W. Inspection and maintenance of infiltration facilities[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, 47(6):481-486.
[14] Baveye P, Vandevivere P, Hoyle B L, et al. Environmental impact and mechanisms of the biological clogging of saturated soils in aquifer materials[J].Critical Reviews in Environment Science & Technology,1998,23:123-191.
[15] Bouwer H. Artificial recharge of groundwater: Hydrogeology and engineering[J].Hydrogeology,2002,10:121-142.
[16] Hydrogeology team of Shanghai City. Artificial Recharge of Groundwater[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1977.［上海市水文地质大队.地下水人工回灌[M].北京:地质出版社,1977.］
[17] Olsthoorn T N. The cloogging of recharge wells, main subjects[C]//KIWA-communications 72. Working Group on Recharge Wells,1982:136.
[18] Custodio E, Isamat J, Miralles J. Twenty-five years of groundwater recharge in Barcelona (Spain)[C]//DVWK Bulletin 11. Artificial Groundwater Recharge,1982:171-192.
[19] Frycklund C. Artificial groundwater recharge state of the art[R]. Report 1992-04,1998:55.
[20] Iwasaki T. Some notes on sand filtration[J].Journal of American Water Works Association,1937,10:1 591-1 602.
[21] Stein P C. A Study of the Theory of Rapid Sand Filtration of Water Through Sand[D]. Massachusetts Insistute of Technology,USA,1940.
[22] McDowell-Boyer L M, Hunt J R, Sitar N. Particle transport through porous media[J].Water Resources Research, 1986,22:1 901-1 921.
[23] Pavelic P, Dillon P J, Barry K E, et al. Well clogging effects determined from mass balances and hydraulic response at a stormwater ASR site[C]//Peters J H, et al eds. Third International Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater (TISAR). 1998:61-66.
[24] Rehg K J, Packman A I, Ren J, et al. Effects of suspended sediment characteristics and bed sediment transport on streambed clogging[J].Hydrological Processes,2005,19:413-427.
[25] Vigneswaran S, Ronillo B Suazo.A detailed investigation of physical and biological clogging during artificial recharge[J]. Water,Air and Soil Pollution,1987,35:119-140.
[26] Huang Daying. Research on clogging effect on artificial recharge of groundwater[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology,1993,(1):24-31.［黄大英.淤堵对人工回灌效果影响的试验研究[J].北京水利科技,1993,(1):24-31.］
[27] Tian Yuan, Zhang Yuanxiu, Sun Xuefeng. Artificial Recharge of Groundwater in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[M]. Beijing:China Water Power Press,1990:126-127.［田园,张原秀,孙雪峰.黄淮海平原地下水人工补给[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990:126-127.］
[28] Bouwer H, Rice R C. Effect of water depth in groundwater recharge basins on infiltration[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1989,4:556-567.
[29] Zhao Baoli, Mu Zhongyi, Wu Jingxiang. Artificial Recharge of Groundwater (Translated version)[M].Beijing: Water Conservancy Press,1980:32-33.［赵抱力,穆仲义,吴金祥译.人工补给地下水[M].北京:水利出版社, 1980:32-33.］
[30] Huisman L, Olsthoorn T N. Artificial Groundwater Recharge[M]. London:Pitman Publishing Inc.,1983.
[31] Lluria M R, Gorey T L, Mack R B. Hydrochemistry and chemical compositional changes of ground water from a deep well recharge operation using river water subjected to limited on-site treatment[C]//Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater (USA).1991.
[32] Peters J H. Artificial recharge and water supply in the Netherlands, state of the art and future trends[C]//Second International Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater (TISAR). Amsterdam: A A Balkema,1998.
[33] Paul Pavelic, Joanne Vanderzalm, Peter Dillon,et al. Assessment of the Potential for Well Clogging Associated with Salt Water Interception and Deep Injection at Chowilla, SA[R]. Final Report to Department of Water, Land, Biodiversity and Conservation, 2007.
[34] Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Team of Beijing Geology Bureau. Artificial Recharge of Groundwater[M].Beijing: Geology Press, 1982:170-171.［北京市地质局水文地质工程地质大队等编著. 地下水人工补给[M]. 北京:地质出版社,1982:170-171.］
[35] Schwager A, Boller M. Transport phenomena in intermittent filters[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,35:13-21.
[36] Chapelle F H. Groundwater Microbiology and Geochemistry[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1992.
[37] Albrechtsen H J, Winding A. Microbial biomass and activity in subsurface sediment from Vejen, Denmark[J].Microbial Ecology, 1992,23:303-317.
[38] Okubo T, Matsumoto J. Effect of infiltration rate on biological clogging and water quality changes during artificial recharge[J]. Water Resources Research,1979,15:1 536-1 542.
[39] Okubo T, Matsumoto J. Biological clogging of sand and changes of organic constituents during artificial recharge[J].Water Resources Research,1983,17:813-821.
[40] Ripley D P, Saleem Z A. Clogging in simulated glacial aquifers due to artificial recharge[J].Water Resources Research,1973,9: 1 047-1 057.
[41] Goodrich J A, D W Phipps Jr, Gordon G Z, et al. Bottom plugging dynamics in recharge basin[C]//Proceedings of the 1990 National Conferences on Irrigation and Drainage .USA: Published by the ASCE,1990: 369-376.
[42] Rodgers M, Mulqueen J, Healy M G. Surface clogging in an intermittent stratified sand filter[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68:1 827-1 832.
[43] Rinck-Pfeiffer S, Ragusa S, Sztajnbok P, et al. Interrelationships between biological, chemical and physical processes as an analog to clogging in aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells[J].Water Research,2000,34:2 110-2 118.
[44] Seki K, Miyazaki T,Nakano M. Effects of microorganisms on hydraulic conductivity decrease in infiltration[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1998,49:231-236.
[45] Pavelic P, Dillon P, Ragusa S, et al. The Fate and Transport of Microorganisms Introduced to Groundwater through Wastewater Reclamation[R]. Centre for Groundwater Studies Report No.69,1996: 22.
[46] Brun A, Engesgaard P, Frind E O. A coupled microbiology-geochemistry transport model for saturated groundwater flow[C]//Proceedings of the IAHR/AIHR Symposium on Transport and Reactive Processes in Aquifers. Zurich,1994.
[47] Alfredo Perez Paricio. Integrated Modelling of Clogging Processes in Artificial Groundwater Recharge[D]. Technical University of Catalunya,2000.
[48] Ernisee J J, Aboutt W H. Binding of mineral grains by a species of Thalassiosira[J].Nova Hedwigia Beihefte, 1975,53:241-252.[49] Avnimelech Y, Menzel R G. Biologically controlled flocculation of clay in lakes[C]//Shuval H I，eds. Developments in Ecology and Environment Quality,1983:257-265.
[50] Johnson A I. Some factors contributing to decreased well efficiency during fluid injection[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd National Conferences of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).1981:89-101.
[51] Bouwer H. Effects of water depth and groundwater table on infiltration from recharge basins[C]//Proceedings of the 1990 National Conferences on Irrigation and Drainage. USA: Published by the ASCE,1990:377-384.
[52] Harpaz Y. Artificial groundwater recharge by means of wells in Isreal[J].Journal of the Hydraulic Division,1971,97:1 947-1 964.[53] Schippers J C, Verdouw J. The modified fouling index, a method of determining the fouling characteristics of water[J]. Desalination,1980, 32:137-148.
[54] Hijnen W A M, Van der Kooij D. The effect of low concentrations of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in water on biological clogging of sand beds[J].Water Research,1992,26:963-972.
[55] Van der Kooij D, Vrouwenvelder H S, Veenendaal H R. Kinetic aspects of biofilm formation on surface exposed to drinking water[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,32:61-65.
[56] Hijnen W A M, Bunnik J, Schippers J C, et al. Determining the clogging potential of water used for artificial recharge in deep sandy aquifers[C]//Peters J H, et al. eds. Third International Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater (TISAR),1998: 437-440.
[57] Harmeson R H, Thomas R L, Evans R L. Coarse media filtration for artifical recharge[J].Journal of the American Water Works Association,1968,60:1 396-1 403.
[58] Siegrist R L, Boyle W C. Wastewater induced soil clogging development[J].Journal of Environment and Engineering, 1987,113:550-566.
[59] Taylor S W, Jaffe P R. Substrate and biomass transport in a porous media[J].Water Resources,1990,26:2 181-2 194.
[60] Herzig J P, Lecler D M, LeGoff P. Flow of suspensions through porous media: Application to deep filtration[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,1970,62:8-35.
[61] Yao K M, Holsibian M T, Melia C R O. Water and wastewater filtration: Concepts and applications[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1971,5:1 105.
[62] Rajagopalan R, Tien C. Trajectory analysis of deep bed filtration with the sphere-in-cell porous media model[J].American Institute of Chemical Engineering,1976,22:523-533.
[63] Vigneswaran S, Chang J S. Mathematical modelling of the entire cycle of deep bed filtration[J].Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 1986,29:155-164.
[64] Vigneswaran S, Tulachan R K. Mathematical modeling of transient behavior of deep bed infiltration[J].Water Resources, 1988,22:1 093.
[65] Osei-Bonsu K. Clogging by Sediments in Injected Fluid Flowing Radially in a Confined Aquifer[D].Adelaide: Flinders University of South Australia,1996:253.
[66] Okubo T, Matsumoto J. Effect of infiltration rate on biological clogging and water quality changes during artificial recharge[J]. Water Resources Research,1979,15:1 536-1 542.
[67] Vigneswaran S, Suazo R B. Biological clogging during artificial recharge[J].Water, Air and Soil Pollution,1987,(35):119-140.
[68] Vandevivere P, Baveye P, D Sanchez de Lozada, et al. Microbial clogging of saturated soils and aquifer materials: Evaluation of mathematical models[J].Water Resources Research,1995,31:2 173-2 180.
[69] Molz F J, Widdowson M A, Benefield L D. Simulation of microbial growth dynamics coupled to nutrient and oxygen transport in porous media[J].Water Resources Research,1986,22:1 207-1 216.
[70] Omura T, Umita T, Nevov V, et al.Biological oxidation of ferrous iron in high acid mine drainage by fluidized bed reactor[J]. Water Science and Technology,1991,23:1 447-1 456.

[1]	邓英尔，贾疏源，黄润秋，李扬红. 岩溶缝洞系统地下水系研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(5): 489-494.
[2]	陈亚宁;张宏锋;李卫红;陈亚鹏. 新疆塔里木河下游物种多样性变化与地下水位的关系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(2): 158-165.
[3]	钱祥麟. 关于“水文地质与工程地质学”专业的一级学科归属的意见[J]. 地球科学进展, 1998, 13(1): 58-61.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

Advances in Clogging Research of Artificial Recharge