地球科学进展 ›› 2008, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (7): 748 -755. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.07.0748

全球变化与人文因素的流域生态水文效应 上一篇    下一篇

黑河流域水环境演变及其驱动机制研究进展
肖生春,肖洪浪   
  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河生态水文与流域集成管理研究实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2008-05-05 修回日期:2008-05-22 出版日期:2008-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 肖生春 E-mail:xiaosc@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目“黑河流域生态—水文过程研究集成”(编号:90702001);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目“黑河流域水—生态经济系统综合管理试验示范”(编号:KZCX1-09);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“黑河流域水循环与水资源管理研究”(编号:KZCX2-XB2-04-03)资助.

Advances in the Study of the Water Regime Process and Driving Mechanism in the Heihe River Basin

Xiao Shengchun,Xiao Honglang   

  1. Heihe Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated Basin Management, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2008-05-05 Revised:2008-05-22 Online:2008-07-10 Published:2008-07-10
基于近几十年来诸多学者对西北干旱区典型内陆河流域——黑河流域水环境演变诸方面研究成果,综述了上游山区成水环境、中游绿洲用水环境和下游荒漠天然绿洲水成环境在不同时间尺度上的演变过程及其驱动机制。通过对各种古环境代用指标的对比研究表明:在大尺度上,流域上下游表现出阶段性的一致性水环境演变趋势;在小尺度上,则表现水环境演变的时空异质性。驱动机制方面,在空间上,流域上、中、下游水环境演变的气候变化和人类活动影响驱动作用各有侧重;在时间上,表现为不同尺度上气候变化与流域人类活动耦合作用的驱动机制。
water resources of inland watershed in arid region are formed in the mountainous area, the upper reaches, utilized and consumed mostly in the oasis for agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches, and exhausted in the desert area for the natural river and terminal lake ecosystem sustaining in the lower reaches. Due to the characteristics of the hydrological cycle in the watershed, the water regime can be divided into water-yield area, waterconsume area and water-formed area in the upper, middle and lower reaches, respectively. These basic natural features determined and controlled the water regime process in the inland watershed in temporal-spatial scale. The water regime process and its driving mechanism on the varied temporal-spatial scales in the mountain area of upstream, oasis of middle stream and desert area of down stream in the Heihe river basin, which was the representative inland watershed in the arid regions in northwest China, was studied and summarized based on many scholars' works of the last decades. By comparing to the varied proxies of the ancient environmental changes, the result showed that the water regime process presented similar trend in the special period on large scales in the upstream and downstream area, while the temporal-spatial heterogeneity on small scales. To the driving mechanisms, the effects of the climate change and human activity on the water regime process in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Heihe river was in different weightiness. And the two factors presented the coupling model in different temporal scales. In the nearest future, it needs more works in the water regime process on basin scale as follow: (1) to reconstruct the water regime process in the water-yield area systematically by the ice core and tree-ring record, especially in the area in the west upper branch of the Heihe river due to its water contributions to the lower reaches before 1940′s. (2) to pay more attention to the oasis evolution in the middle reaches that was driven by the government policies, population changes, agricultural technique development and its related population capacity changes of the water resources and climate changes. (3)to understand deeply the relationships between the water resources and the natural oasis changes based on the study of the environment changes in the period of the last 500 years and recent 50 years which was the increasing and maximum periods of the human activities.

中图分类号: 

[1] Xiao HonglangZhao WenzhiFeng Qiet al. Research on heightening water use rate on river basin scale in Chinese inland area:Experiment and demonstration of water-ecology-economy management in the Heihe river basin [J]. Journal of Desert Research2004244:381-384.[肖洪浪,赵文智,冯起,等.中国内陆河流域尺度的水资源利用率提高研究——黑河流域水生态经济管理试验示范[J].中国沙漠,2004244:381-384.]

[2] Kang ErsiChen RenshengZhang Zhihuiet al. Some scientific problems facing researches on hydrological process in an inland river basin [J]. Advances in Earth Science2007229:940-953.[康尔泗,陈仁升,张智慧,等.内陆河流域水文过程研究的一些科学问题[J].地球科学进展,2007229:940-953.]

[3] Cheng GuodongXiao HonglangXu Zhongminet al. Water issue and its countermeasure in the inland river basins of northwest China—A case study in Heihe river basin [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2006283:406-413.[程国栋,肖洪浪,徐中民,等.中国西北内陆河水问题及其应对策略——以黑河流域为例[J]. 冰川冻土,2006283:406-413.]

[4] Xiao HonglangCheng Guodong.Water issue and management at basin level in Heihe rivernorthwestern China [J]. Journal of Desert Research2006261:1-5.[肖洪浪,程国栋.黑河流域水问题与水管理的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2006261:1-5.]

[5] Yao TandongXie ZichuWu Xiaoling. The climate records in LIA in Dunde Ice cap [J]. Science in China Series B),199011:1 196-1 201.[姚檀栋,谢自楚,吴篠舲.敦德冰帽中的小冰期气候记录[J].中国科学:B辑,199011:1 196-1 201.]

[6] Huo WenmianYao Tandong. Environmental record in the Dunde Ice core since the middle of the 19th century [J]. Geochimica2001303:203-207.[霍文冕,姚檀栋.敦德冰芯19世纪中叶以来的环境记录[J].地球化学,2001303:203-207.]

[7] Liu XiaohongQin DaheShao Xuemeiet al. Tree ring record of the temperature changes in the last 1 ka in the middle part of Qilian mountain [J]. Science in ChinaSeries D),2004341:89-95.[刘晓宏,秦大河,邵雪梅,等.祁连山中部过去近千年温度变化的树轮记录[J].中国科学:D辑,2004341:89-95.]

[8] Zhuo ZhengdaHu ShuangxiZhang Xiangonget al. Tree rings of the Qilian mountain and changes of the climate during the recent thousand years in China [J]. Journal of Lanzhou University1978,(2:145-157.[卓正大,胡双熙,张先恭,等.祁连山地区树木年轮与我国近千年(1059—1975年)的气候变化[J].兰州大学学报,1978,(2:145-157.] 

[9] Liang EShao XKong Zet al. The extreme drought in the 1920s and its effect on tree growth deduced from tree ring analysis: A case study in north China [J]. Annual of Forest Science200360:145-152.

[10] Kang XingchengCheng GuodongKang Ersiet al. The runoff reconstruction in the mountain area of Heihe river for the last 1 ka by tree ring data [J]. Science in ChinaSeries D),2002328:675-685.[康兴成,程国栋,康尔泗,等.利用树轮资料重建黑河近千年来出山口径流量[J]. 中国科学:D辑,2002328: 675-685.]

[11] Zhang ZhihuaWu Xiangding. The change and rapid shifts of moistureindex and its annual variability since 1310 AD in Qilianshan area [J]. Quaternary Science1996,(4:368-378.[张志华,吴祥定.祁连山地区1310年以来湿润指数及其年际变幅的变化与突变分析[J].第四纪研究,1996,(4:368-378.]

[12] Kang XingchengCheng GuodongChen Fahuet al. A record of drought and flood series by tree-ring data in the middle section of Qilian mountain since 904 AD [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2003255:518-525.[康兴成,程国栋,陈发虎,等.祁连山中部公元904年以来树木年轮记录的旱涝变化[J].冰川冻土,2003255:518-525.]

[13] Tian Qinhua. Climate Variations in Middle-Western Qilian Mountain over Past 500 Years Based on Tree Ring [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University2006.[田沁花.祁连山中西部近500年来气候变化的树轮记录[D].兰州:兰州大学,2006.]

[14] Wang YajunChen FahuGou Xiaohua. Runoff in March to June of Heihe river since 1770 reconstructed by tree-ring data [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2004262:202-206.[王亚军,陈发虎,勾晓华.黑河230rh 以来3~6月径流的变化[J].冰川冻土,2004262:202-206.] 

[15] Wang YajunChen FahuGou Xiaohua. Reconstruction of spring precipitation in the middle part of the Qilian mountains using tree-ring data [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica2001214:373-377.[王亚军,陈发虎,勾晓华.利用树木年轮资料重建祁连山中段春季降水的变化[J].地理科学,2001214:373-377.]

[16] Yang YinkeLiu YuCai Qiufanget al. Precipitation reconstruction from tree ring width over the centural Qilian mountain for the last 248 years [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology2005253:113-118.[杨银科,刘禹,蔡秋芳,等.以树木年轮宽度资料重建祁连山中部地区过去248年来的降水量[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005253:113-118.]

[17] Wang YajunChen FahuGou Xiaohuaet al. Study on response relationship between tree-ring and climate factors and climate reconstruction in middle region of Qilian mountains [J]. Journal of Desert Research2001212:135-140.[王亚军,陈发虎,勾晓华,等.祁连山中部树木年轮宽度与气候因子的响应关系及气候重建[J].中国沙漠,2001212:135-140.]

[18] Pu JianchenYao TandongDuan Keqinet al. Mass balance of the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian mountains:A new observation [J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2005272:199-204.[蒲健辰,姚檀栋,段克勤,等.祁连山七一冰川物质平衡的最新观测结果[J].冰川冻土,2005272:199-204.]

[19] Liu ShiyinShen YongpingSun Wenxinet al. Glacier variation since the maximum of the Little Ice Age in the western Qilian mountainsNorthwest China [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2002243:227-233.[刘时银,沈永平,孙文新,等.祁连山西段小冰期以来的冰川变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2002243:227-233.]

[20] Yang YongChen RenshengJi Xibin. Variations of glaciers in the Yeniugou watershed of Heihe river basin from 1956 to 2003 [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2007291:100-106.[阳勇,陈仁升,吉喜斌. 近几十年来黑河野牛沟流域的冰川变化[J].冰川冻土,2007291:100-106.]

[21] Shen YongpingLiu ShiyinZhen Liliet al. Fluctuations of glacier mass balance in watersheds of Qilian mountain and their impact on water resources of Hexi region [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2001 233:244-250.[沈永平,刘时银,甄丽丽,等. 祁连山北坡流域冰川物质平衡波动及其对河西水资源的影响[J].冰川冻土,2001233:244-250.]

[22] Xiao SXiao HKobayashi Oet al. Dendroclimatological investigations of sea buckthornHippophae rhamnoides and reconstruction of the equilibrium line altitude of the July First Glacier in the Western Qilian mountainsnorthwestern China [J]. Tree-ring Research2007631:15-26.

[23] Wunnemann BPachur H JZhang H. Climate and environment changes in the deserts of Inner MongoliaChinasince late Pleistocene [C]Alsharhan A S. Quaternary Desert and Climate. Rotterdam:Balkema1998:381-394.

[24] Pachur H JWuennemann BZhang H. Lake evolution in the Tengger DesertNorthwest Chinaduring the last 40 000 years [J]. Quaternary Research199544:171-180.

[25] Zhu ZhendaLiu ShuGao Qianzhaoet al. The environmental changes and desertification processes in historical period in the areas of ancient Juyan-Heicheng region in western Inner Mongolia [J]. Journal of Desert Research198332:1-8.[朱震达,刘恕,高前兆,等.内蒙古西部古居延黑城地区历史时期环境的变化与沙漠化过程[J]. 中国沙漠,198332:1-8.] 

[26] Xia JunSun XuetaoTan Ge.The process and prospect of water cycle study in western China [J]. Advances in Earth Science2003181:58-67.[夏军,孙雪涛,谈戈.中国西部流域水循环研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2003181:58-67.]

[27] Mischke SDemske DSchudack. Hydrologic and climatic implications of a multidisciplinary study of the mid to late Holocene lake Eastern Juyanze [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin20034814:1 411-1 417.

[28] Ulrike HTarasov PWunnemann Bet al. Holocene vegetation and climate of the Alashan plateauNW Chinareconstructed from pollen data [J]. PalaeogeographyAlaeoclimatologyPalaeoecology2004,(211:1-17.

[29] Chen FWu WHolmes J Aet al. A mid-Holocene drought interval as evidenced by lake desiccation in the Alashan plateauInner MongoliaChina [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin20034814:1 401-1 410.

[30] Demske DMischke S. Palynological investigation of a Holocene profile section from the Palaeo Gaxun Nur basin [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin20034814:1 418-1 422.

[31] Lu XYuan BGuo Zet al. The 5000-year environmental changes and associated human activities at Sokho-nor lakeInner MongoliaPR China [J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physical ResearchB),1997123:460-463.

[32] Jin HXiao HSun Let al. Vicissitude of Sogo Nur and environmental-climatic change during last 1500 years [J]. Science in ChinaSeries D),200447S1:61-70.

[33] Qu WenchuanWu RuijinWang Suminet al. Sedimentary pigment and its environmental signification of East Juyanhai in Inner Mongolia since the past 2600 years [J]. Acta Sendimentological Sinica 2000481:13-17.[瞿文川,吴瑞金,王苏民,等.2600年来内蒙古居延海湖泊沉积物的色素含量及环境意义[J].沉积学报,2000481:13-17.]

[34] Zhang ZhenkeWu RuijinWang Suminet al. Environmental changes recorded by lake sediments from East Juyanhai Lake in Inner Mongolia during the last 2600 years [J]. Journal of Lake Science1998102:44-51.[张振克,吴瑞金,王苏民,等. 2600年来内蒙古居延海湖泊沉积记录的环境变迁[J]. 湖泊科学,1998102:44-51.] 

[35] Wen XLi BWang Wet al. Deposition of sandstorms in a vegetation-covered sand dune in Ejin Oasis and its characteristics [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences2006164:502-508.

[36] Feng Shengwu. Tht water system character and evolution in Hexi area in Gansu [J]. Journal of Lanzhou UniversityNatural science),1981,(1:125-129.[冯绳武. 甘肃河西水系特征和演变[J] . 兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1981,(1:125-129.]

[37] Xiao ShengchunXiao HonglangXiao Duninget al. The regional environment conditions reflected by the Mongolian folk landscape patterns in Ejina BannerInner Mongolia [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology 2006284:492-499.[肖生春,肖洪浪,肖笃宁,等.额济纳蒙古族民间景观格局反映的区域环境状况[J]. 冰川冻土,2006284:492-499.]

[38] Sun JunyanLiu YuCai Qiufanget al. Climatic and hydrological changes of EjinInner Mongoliaduring the past 233 years recorded in tree-rings of Populus euphratica [J]. Quaternary Sciences2006265:799-809.[孙军艳,刘禹,蔡秋芳,等.额济纳233年来胡杨树轮年表的建立及其所记录的气象、水文变化[J].第四纪研究, 2006265:799-809.]

[39] Xu Jian. Environmental Information Recorded by the Lake Sediment in Muneng Nur in the Lower Reaches of Heihe River [D]. Shanghai: Huadong Normal University2006.[许健.黑河下游木能诺尔湖泊沉积记录的环境演变信息研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2006.]

[40] Xiao Shengchun. Water Regime Changes and its Dynamic Mechanism in the Last 2000 Years in the Lower Reaches of Heihe Watershed [D]. Lanzhou: CAREERICAS2006.[肖生春.2000年黑河下游水环境演变及其驱动机制研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2006.]

[41] Xiao SXiao HSi Jet al. Lake level changes recorded by tree rings of lakeshore shrubs: A case study at the Lake West-JuyanInner MongoliaChina [J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology20054711:1 303-1 314.

[42] Xiao ShengchunXiao HonglangZhou Maoxianet al. Water level change of the west Juyan Lake in the past 100 years recorded in the tree ring of the shrubs in the lake shore [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2004265:557-562.[肖生春,肖洪浪,周茅先,等.近百年来西居延海湖泊水位变化的湖岸林树轮记录[J]. 冰川冻土,2004265:557-562.]

[43] Ma YanZheng XiangminCao Xiqianget al. Environmental changes recorded by lacustrine sediment from Lake Swanlower reaches of Heihe river during the last 200a [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences2006183:261-266.[马燕,郑祥民,曹希强,等. 200年来黑河下游天鹅湖湖泊沉积记录的环境变迁[J].湖泊科学,2006183:261-266.]

[44] Ulrike HKurschner HBattarbee Ret al. Desert plant pollen production and a 160-year record of vegetation and climate change on the Alashan PlateauNW China [J]. Vegetation Historical Archaeobotany200615:181-190.

[45] Liu PuxingChen FahuGou Xiaohuaet al. Establishment of tree-ring chronology and response analysis in past 100a for Ejin BannerInner Mongolia [J]. Journal of Desert Research2005255:764-768.[刘普幸,陈发虎,勾晓华,等.额济纳旗近100a来胡杨年表的建立与响应分析[J].中国沙漠,2005255:764-768.]

[46] Xiao SXiao H. Radial growth of Tamarix ramosissima responds to changes in the water regime in an extremely arid region of northwestern China [J]. Environmental Geology2007533:543-552.

[47] Xiao ShengchunXiao HonglangSong Yaoxuanet al. Water-land resources utilization and environmental evolution in middle to lower reaches of Heihe river basin during the past 2000 years [J]. Journal of Desert Research2004244:405-408.[肖生春,肖洪浪,宋耀选,等. 2000年来黑河中下游水土资源利用与下游环境演变[J]. 中国沙漠,2004244: 405-408.]

[48] Wang LucangCheng GuodongZhao Xueyan. The history process and developing mechanisms of the cities in inland river basin—A case study in Heihe river basin [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology2005274:598-607.[王录仓,程国栋,赵雪雁.内陆河流域城镇发展的历史过程与机制——以黑河流域为例[J].冰川冻土,2005274:598-607.]

[1] 单薪蒙, 温家洪, 王军, 胡恒智. 深度不确定性下的灾害风险稳健决策方法评述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 911-921.
[2] 段伟利, 邹珊, 陈亚宁, 李稚, 方功焕. 18792015年巴尔喀什湖水位变化及其主要影响因素分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 950-961.
[3] 王澄海, 张晟宁, 张飞民, 李课臣, 杨凯. 论全球变暖背景下中国西北地区降水增加问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 980-989.
[4] 王慧,张璐,石兴东,李栋梁. 2000年后青藏高原区域气候的一些新变化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 785-796.
[5] 田凤云,吴成来,张贺,林朝晖. 基于 CAS-ESM2的青藏高原蒸散发的模拟与预估[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 797-809.
[6] 张子洋, 闫明, MULVANEY Robert, 季峻峰, 效存德, 刘雷保, 安春雷. 东南极 LGB69冰芯 17122001年气温变化记录的初步研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(2): 172-184.
[7] 崔林丽, 史军, 杜华强. 植被物候的遥感提取及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 9-16.
[8] 龙上敏,刘秦玉,郑小童,程旭华,白学志,高臻. 南大洋海温长期变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 962-977.
[9] 蔡运龙. 生态问题的社会经济检视[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(7): 742-749.
[10] 萧凌波. 17361911年华北饥荒的时空分布及其与气候、灾害、收成的关系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 478-487.
[11] 熊建国, 李有利, 张培震. 夷平面研究新进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 378-388.
[12] 武登云, 任治坤, 吕红华, 刘金瑞, 哈广浩, 张弛, 朱孟浩. 冲积扇形态与沉积特征及其动力学控制因素:进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 389-403.
[13] 胡利民,石学法,叶君,张钰莹. 北极东西伯利亚陆架沉积有机碳的源汇过程研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(10): 1073-1086.
[14] 王亚锋,芦晓明,朱海峰,梁尔源. 高山树线的调查与研究方法[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(1): 38-51.
[15] 罗鑫玥,陈明星. 城镇化对气候变化影响的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(9): 984-997.
阅读次数
全文


摘要