地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 885 -898. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.08.0885

上一篇    

珠三角平原区第四系剖面重金属分布特征及其影响因素
唐志敏 1, 2( ), 侯青叶 1, *( ), 游远航 3, 杨忠芳 1, 李括 4   
  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
    2.中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心, 江苏 南京 210016
    3.广东省地质调查院,广东 广州 510080
    4.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北 廊坊 065000
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-28 修回日期:2017-05-05 出版日期:2017-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 侯青叶 E-mail:tangzmh@163.com;qingyehou@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局地质大调查项目“珠江三角洲土壤重金属地球化学成因与风险评价”(编号:12120115050401);痕迹科学与技术公安部重点实验室开放课题(编号:2015FMKFKT03)资助

Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in Pearl River Delta Quaternary Boreholes

Zhimin Tang 1, 2( ), Qingye Hou 1, *( ), Yuanhang You 3, Zhongfang Yang 1, Kuo Li 4   

  1. 1.School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2.Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,China
    3.Guangdong Institute of Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510080,China
    4.Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei Langfang 065000, China
  • Received:2017-02-28 Revised:2017-05-05 Online:2017-10-20 Published:2017-08-20
  • Contact: Qingye Hou E-mail:tangzmh@163.com;qingyehou@126.com
  • About author:

    First author:Tang Zhimin(1992-),male,Mianyang City,Sichuan Province,Master student. Research areas include environmental geochemistry.E-mail:tangzmh@163.com

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the China Geological Survey “Geochemical genesis and risk assessment of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta soil”(No.12120115050401);The Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Trace Science and Technology, Ministry of Public Security(No.2015FMKFKT03)
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选取珠江三角洲冲积平原区4个不同沉积相带的第四系岩心做元素全量分析,并对4种重金属进行了赋存形态分数分析,揭示了珠江三角洲第四系元素地球化学特征主要受物源和沉积环境的控制。不同沉积环境下物源的影响程度不同,物源在三角洲平原相的沉积环境下影响强度最大,在海陆交互强烈的沉积环境下,物源的影响减弱,海陆交互作用的影响增强。不同重金属元素由于自身化学性质的差异,其对沉积环境的敏感程度有所不同。研究区Cd富集显著,且其活性态比例最高、潜在生态风险最大;而As,Hg和Pb的富集程度较弱,且As和Hg主要以残渣态的形式存在,Pb主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物态为主,它们的生态风险相对较低。不同的沉积环境下pH等理化指标对Cd形态的影响不同,Cd的活动态主要与pH和淋滤系数有关。

关键词: 珠江三角洲, 第四系, 物源, 海陆交互作用, 重金属

This paper analyzed contents and geochemical fractions of four heavy metals in four Quaternary boreholes from different sedimentary areas in Pearl River Delta. The results revealed that the geochemical features of heavy metals were controlled by geological provenance and sedimentary environment. The contribution rates of geological sources showed differentiation in four sedimentary environments. In delta plain sedimentary environment, geological sources were the most predominant. In the sea land interaction sedimentary environment, the control of the geological source factor was weakened. The effect of land-sea interaction became more important. Due to different chemical properties of heavy metals, they showed distinct sensitivities to sedimentary environment. Cadmium (Cd) was enriched significantly in the study areas. Mobile fraction of Cd possessed the highest proportion. Potential ecological risk of Cadmium was the highest among heavy metals. Asenic, mercury and lead were enriched weakly. Arsenic and Mercury were dominated by residual fraction. Lead was mainly composed of residual and Fe-Mn oxidation fraction. Their potential ecological risks were relatively lower. In different sedimentary environment, physicochemical parameters had various effects on Cadmium geochemical fraction such as pH. The mobile fraction of Cd was mainly correlated with pH and leaching coefficient.

Key words: Pearl River Delta, Quaternary, Provenance, Land-sea interaction, Heavy metal.

中图分类号: 

图1 珠江三角洲第四纪岩心分布图
Fig.1 Location of Quaternary boreholes in Pearl River delta
表1 珠江三角洲第四纪沉积物岩心一览表
Table 1 General information of Quaternary boreholes in Pearl River delta
岩心号 经度 纬度 钻孔位置 钻孔深度/m 采样个数 沉积环境
Ⅱ03 112.90375°E 23.18414°N 佛山市三水县 44.8 41 河流相
Ⅲ03 113.13985°E 23.01102°N 佛山市南海区 23.2 34 三角洲平原相
Ⅰ07 113.25419°E 22.73945°N 中山市东凤镇 47.0 51 三角洲前缘相
Ⅳ03 113.43520°E 22.65304°N 中山市三角镇 46.8 45 前三角洲相
表2 As,Cd,Hg和Pb不同形态分析检出限要求
Table 2 Requirements of detection limits to various species of As, Cd, Hg and Pb
检出限 As
/(mg/kg)		 Cd
/(μg/kg)		 Hg
/(μg/kg)		 Pb
/(mg/kg)
水溶态 0.05 5 1 0.1
离子交换态 0.1 20 2 0.5
碳酸盐结合态 0.1 20 2 0.5
腐殖酸态 0.1 20 2 0.5
铁锰氧化物态 0.1 20 2 0.5
强有机态 0.1 20 2 0.5
残渣态 1.0 30 5 2.0
图2 佛山市三水县Ⅱ03岩心元素分布图
Fig.2 Distribution of elements inⅡ03 borehole of Sanshui County, Foshan City
图3 佛山市南海区Ⅲ03岩心元素分布图
Fig.3 Distribution of elements in Ⅲ03 borehole of Nanhai District, Foshan City
图4 中山市东凤镇Ⅰ07岩心元素分布图
Fig.4 Distribution of elements in Ⅰ07 borehole of Dongfeng Town, Zhongshan City
图5 中山市三角镇Ⅳ03岩心元素分布图
Fig.5 Distribution of elements in Ⅳ03 borehole of Sanjiao Town, Zhongshan City
表3 各岩心重金属元素描述统计量
Table 3 Descriptive statistics of heavy metals in each borehole
元素 钻孔号 Ⅱ03 Ⅲ03 Ⅰ07 Ⅳ03
样品数 41 34 51 45
As/(mg/kg) 最小值 1.55 1.37 1.37 1.00
最大值 45.71 13.25 15.46 20.12
平均值 9.54 6.88 7.86 8.39
中位数 6.49 6.70 7.55 7.12
标准差 9.09 3.96 3.46 4.91
变异系数 0.95 0.58 0.44 0.59
Cd/(μg/kg) 最小值 41.50 38.20 53.20 13.76
最大值 745.90 677.60 703.20 4 814.00
平均值 364.91 249.35 300.90 397.05
中位数 349.70 201.65 305.50 98.34
标准差 222.33 183.51 163.13 1 005.64
变异系数 0.61 0.74 0.54 2.53
Hg/(μg/kg) 最小值 8.93 23.46 17.33 17.79
最大值 223.78 438.09 219.05 137.50
平均值 63.22 88.64 67.30 58.27
中位数 64.09 46.41 61.99 51.76
标准差 37.47 105.89 41.25 30.96
变异系数 0.59 1.19 0.61 0.53
Pb/(mg/kg) 最小值 9.07 6.92 10.38 11.76
最大值 136.77 81.18 38.56 52.23
平均值 36.60 22.55 22.28 25.00
中位数 32.13 16.61 22.47 22.26
标准差 22.63 15.40 7.29 11.05
变异系数 0.62 0.68 0.33 0.44
图6 各岩心重金属元素形态分布图
Ⅱ03.佛山市三水县岩心;Ⅲ03.佛山市南海区岩心;Ⅰ07.中山市东凤镇岩心;Ⅳ03.中山市三角镇岩心
Fig.6 Geochemical fraction distribution of heavy metals in each borehole
Ⅱ03.Borehole in Sanshui County, Foshan City; Ⅲ03.Borehole in Nanhai District, Foshan City; Ⅰ07.Borehole in Dongfeng Town, Zhongshan City; Ⅳ03.Borehole in Sanjiao Town, Zhongshan City
表4 各岩心重金属形态比例平均值(单位:%)
Table 4 Average geochemical fraction of heavy metals in each borehole (unit:%)
元素 岩心号 水溶态 离子交换态 碳酸盐态 腐殖酸态 铁锰氧化物态 强有机态 残渣态
As Ⅱ03 2.30 0.89 3.20 18.86 11.91 1.16 64.24
Ⅲ03 1.90 2.74 2.50 19.55 11.62 1.49 60.21
Ⅰ07 0.80 0.73 0.74 15.14 9.48 0.63 72.48
Ⅳ03 1.36 1.69 2.01 12.67 6.30 2.30 73.67
Cd Ⅱ03 5.92 18.33 13.11 14.81 16.61 18.26 12.95
Ⅲ03 11.50 6.54 11.58 30.38 11.46 16.35 12.19
Ⅰ07 1.59 1.66 6.16 6.73 40.94 19.78 23.14
Ⅳ03 8.41 20.60 9.76 20.51 15.77 11.60 13.35
Hg Ⅱ03 1.19 1.25 1.53 27.88 1.89 11.29 51.86
Ⅲ03 0.75 0.88 1.68 13.44 1.39 6.20 75.66
Ⅰ07 0.54 1.40 1.45 23.74 2.62 21.17 49.08
Ⅳ03 2.39 2.24 2.13 27.59 4.24 23.52 37.88
Pb Ⅱ03 0.14 2.19 8.81 7.49 17.02 13.32 51.04
Ⅲ03 0.49 3.52 15.31 7.53 17.30 10.32 45.53
Ⅰ07 0.28 1.43 4.80 9.35 28.13 12.96 43.05
Ⅳ03 0.17 2.67 7.59 9.65 17.20 5.90 56.82
表5 各岩心及其他地区重金属含量
Table.5 Heavy metal content in each borehole and other areas
钻孔号 各岩心元素平均值 土壤环境质量标准
(GB15618-1995)[ 11 ]		 全国土
壤背景
值[ 12 ]		 广东土
壤背景
值[ 12 ]		 地壳
丰度[ 13 ]		 长江三角
洲土壤背
景值[ 14 ]		 黄河三角
洲土壤背
景值[ 15 ]		 珠江
沉积
物[ 16 ]
Ⅱ03 Ⅲ03 Ⅰ07 Ⅳ03 一级 二级
As 9.54 6.88 7.86 8.39 15 25 11.2 8.9 2.5 8.3 10.5 17
Cd 364.91 249.35 300.9 397.05 200 600 97 56 80 180 140 90
Hg 63.22 88.64 67.3 58.27 150 500 65 78 30 150 22 93
Pb 36.6 22.55 22.28 25 35 300 26 36 11 31.95 19.4 30
图7 各岩心主成分载荷图
Ⅱ03.佛山市三水县岩心;Ⅲ03.佛山市南海区岩心;Ⅰ07.中山市东凤镇岩心;Ⅳ03.中山市三角镇岩心
Fig.7 Component loading in each borehole
Ⅱ03.Borehole in Sanshui County, Foshan City; Ⅲ03.Borehole in Nanhai District, Foshan City; Ⅰ07.Borehole in Dongfeng Town, Zhongshan City; Ⅳ03.Borehole in Sanjiao Town, Zhongshan City
表6 元素主成分分析结果
Table 6 Principal component analysis of elments
钻孔号 Ⅰ07 Ⅱ03 Ⅲ03 Ⅲ03
主成分 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
Si -0.87 -0.38 0.00 -0.92 0.11 0.07 -0.86 0.12 0.25 -0.96 0.14 -0.02 0.11
Al 0.98 -0.07 -0.13 0.95 -0.05 0.14 0.87 -0.40 -0.08 0.88 0.38 -0.01 -0.18
Fe 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.99 -0.05 -0.06 0.81 0.10 -0.51 0.87 -0.28 0.01 -0.25
Mg 0.96 0.10 0.16 0.98 0.02 -0.12 0.94 -0.18 -0.19 0.86 -0.45 0.06 0.05
Ca 0.26 0.87 0.28 0.48 0.38 -0.53 0.78 0.50 -0.02 0.15 -0.79 0.44 0.28
Na 0.55 0.55 0.17 0.57 0.70 0.00 0.93 0.07 0.22 0.64 -0.14 0.20 0.10
K 0.89 -0.23 -0.08 0.57 0.50 0.54 0.65 -0.37 0.39 0.84 0.19 -0.30 -0.07
As 0.92 -0.21 -0.08 0.67 -0.40 0.51 0.91 -0.04 -0.20 0.82 -0.36 -0.15 -0.16
Cd 0.65 0.28 -0.49 0.91 0.02 -0.26 0.69 -0.12 0.63 0.15 0.53 0.33 0.49
Cr 0.97 -0.10 0.17 0.96 -0.03 -0.16 0.92 -0.21 -0.28 0.93 0.24 0.09 -0.21
Cu 0.96 -0.09 -0.17 0.10 -0.86 -0.26 0.95 0.23 -0.05 0.88 0.20 -0.17 -0.02
Hg 0.86 -0.14 -0.05 0.79 -0.02 0.10 0.71 0.62 0.26 0.53 0.17 0.46 -0.31
Ni 0.98 0.05 -0.16 0.98 -0.11 -0.07 0.93 -0.26 0.08 0.85 0.15 -0.13 0.41
P 0.92 -0.08 0.25 0.90 0.03 -0.33 0.77 0.51 -0.22 0.77 -0.43 -0.07 -0.01
Pb 0.95 -0.15 -0.10 0.68 -0.30 0.62 0.85 0.21 0.30 0.74 0.10 -0.28 0.36
Ti 0.94 -0.20 0.22 0.92 0.24 -0.06 0.89 -0.24 -0.20 0.87 0.35 0.20 -0.19
Zn 0.97 0.08 -0.19 0.92 -0.34 0.03 0.93 -0.05 0.28 0.83 0.00 -0.12 0.46
Zr 0.39 -0.24 0.80 0.11 0.71 0.18 0.61 -0.14 0.04 0.23 0.14 0.84 0.06
方差的百分比 73.76 8.74 7.07 63.10 14.27 8.75 70.25 8.57 7.85 57.12 11.22 8.65 6.45
累积百分比 73.76 82.50 89.56 63.10 77.37 86.12 70.25 78.82 86.67 57.12 68.33 76.99 83.44
图8 各岩心Ca-Na-Ti三角图(底图引自参考文献[17])
Ⅱ03.佛山市三水县岩心;Ⅲ03.佛山市南海区岩心;Ⅰ07.中山市东凤镇岩心;Ⅳ03.中山市三角镇岩心
Fig.8 Triangular chart of Ca-Na-Ti in each borehole (Base map from the reference[17])
Ⅱ03.Borehole in Sanshui County, Foshan City; Ⅲ03.Borehole in Nanhai District, Foshan City; Ⅰ07.Borehole in Dongfeng Town,Zhongshan City; Ⅳ03.Borehole in Sanjiao Town, Zhongshan City
图9 各岩心重金属元素含量箱线图
Ⅱ03.佛山市三水县岩心;Ⅲ03.佛山市南海区岩心;Ⅰ07.中山市东凤镇岩心;Ⅳ03.中山市三角镇岩心
Fig.9 Box plot of heavy metal concentration in each borehole
Ⅱ03.Borehole in Sanshui County, Foshan City; Ⅲ03.Borehole in Nanhai District, Foshan City; Ⅰ07.Borehole in Dongfeng Town, Zhongshan City; Ⅳ03.Borehole in Sanjiao Town, Zhongshan City
图10 各岩心Cd形态与pH,SiO 2/MgO相关图
Fig.10 Fraction of Cd vs pH,SiO 2/MgO in each borehole
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