柳江盆地地表水与地下水转化关系的氢氧稳定同位素和水化学证据

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.08.0789

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 789 -799. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.08.0789

谷洪彪(

), 迟宝明 ^*(

), 王贺, 张耀文, 王明远

防灾科技学院, 河北三河 065201

收稿日期:2017-02-10 修回日期:2017-06-11 出版日期:2017-10-20
通讯作者: 迟宝明 E-mail:hongbiaosw@126.com;chibaoming@126.com
基金资助:
2014年度河北省普通高等学校青年拔尖人才计划项目“柳江盆地浅层地下水补给及硝酸盐运移规律”(编号:BJ201403)资助

Relationship Between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Liujiang Basin—Hydrochemical Constrains

Hongbiao Gu( ), Baoming Chi ^*( ), He Wang, Yaowen Zhang, Mingyuan Wang

Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe Hebei 065201, China

Received:2017-02-10 Revised:2017-06-11 Online:2017-10-20 Published:2017-08-20
Contact: Baoming Chi E-mail:hongbiaosw@126.com;chibaoming@126.com
About author:
First author:Gu Hongbiao(1984-),male,Heze City,Shandong Province,Associate professor. Research areas include groundwater engineering and earthquake underground fluid.E-mail:hongbiaosw@126.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the Young Talent Project for General Institute of Higher Education in Hebei Province “Characteristic of shallow groundwater recharge and nitrate-transport in Liujiang Basin”(No.BJ201403)

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地表水与地下水相互作用是水循环研究的重要组成部分,是研究区域水资源量的基础。通过实地水文地质调查和采样,在对水体氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成测定的基础上,分析了盆地内枯水期河水和地下水的水化学和氢氧同位素组成特征及空间变化规律,旨在揭示河水与地下水的相互转化关系。研究表明:盆地内地下水主要为HCO₃-Ca和HCO₃-Ca·Mg类型低矿化度水,各区域地下水具有统一联系性,经历了相同或相似的水化学形成作用;河水水化学类型与地下水相同,且水化学成分来源一致。地下水和河水氢氧同位素组成相接近,最终来源主要为大气降水补给。其中河水在径流过程中受蒸发浓缩作用影响,重同位素略富集。受地形地貌、地质及水文地质条件影响,盆地内地下水与河水之间的补给—排泄相互作用关系具有明显的分段性,相互转化频繁。大石河上游区域和东宫河流域总体上表现为河水受两侧地下水补给;大石河下游区域,表现为河水补给两侧地下水。

关键词: 氢氧同位素, 水化学, 地表水与地下水相互转化, 柳江盆地

The interaction between surface water and groundwater is not only an important part of the water cycle, but also the foundation of the study on regional water resources quantity. The field hydrogeological investigation and sampling in the Liujiang basin were conducted in the dry season, in April, 2015. The isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen and ion compositions as well as the hydrogeochemical characteristics indicated that the groundwater in the basin was mainly HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃-Ca·Mg type low salinity water. The groundwater of each region had a unified connection, experiencing the same or similar hydrochemical formation, and the surface water had the same hydrochemical type and source of hydrochemical composition as groundwater. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of surface water and groundwater were close to each other, which were mainly from the atmospheric precipitation. In the runoff process, the river water was affected by the evaporation concentration so that the heavy isotopes were slightly enriched. Under the influence of topographical, geological and hydrogeological conditions, the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the basin had obvious segmentation and mutual transformation. The river was recharged by both sides of groundwater in upstream region of Dashi River and Donggong River basin while river water supplied groundwater on both sides of it in downstream region of Dashi River.

Key words: Deuterium and Oxygen-18, Hydrochemistry, Interaction of groundwater and surface water, The Liujiang Basin.

中图分类号:

P592

图1 研究区地质简图

Fig.1 Geological map of the study area

图2 研究区地理位置及采样点分布示意

Fig.2 Position of the study area and the map of sampling points

图3 研究区河水和地下水水化学Piper图

Fig.3 The Piper diagram of river water and groundwater in the study area

表1 研究区地表水和地下水水化学组分描述性统计分析

Table 1 Descriptive statistical analysis of chemical components of surface water and groundwater in the study area

项目		T	pH	DO	Eh	TDS	EC	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	HC $O 3 -$	S $O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	δ¹⁸O	δD
地表水	最小值	12.1	8.3	7.1	36.1	54.8	91.3	0.1	2.7	18.0	2.3	82.4	1.3	19.1	-8.9	-59
	最大值	18.6	9.9	20.4	176.8	194.4	319.0	4.5	200.9	107.4	71.8	488.0	15.6	87.8	-6.2	-51
	平均值	15.0	8.9	11.6	93.8	114.9	192.3	0.8	15.4	40.5	11.2	268.0	6.6	41.7	-7.3	-52
	标准差	1.4	0.7	2.7	32.3	39.2	63.0	0.8	14.5	13.2	6.8	116.6	3.7	18.8	0.7	3.1
	变异系数	9.3	8.1	23.7	34.5	34.1	32.7	102.5	94.0	32.5	60.6	43.5	56.3	45.2	9.2	5.9
地下水	最小值	6.5	6.6	2.9	34.1	81.1	115.1	0.1	3.7	23.6	4.1	44.8	15.5	2.3	-8.8	-61
	最大值	17.0	8.3	14.3	248.5	497.0	745.0	26.7	85.9	171.2	57.9	876.9	213.4	91.4	-7.0	-51
	平均值	12.0	7.8	8.5	123.3	201.5	314.6	3.5	23.4	76.3	20.6	376.4	61.8	17.8	-8.1	-57
	标准差	2.2	0.3	1.8	42.0	84.7	134.2	5.3	18.9	33.7	11.5	194.8	39.5	15.9	16.2	2.2
	变异系数	18.5	4.4	21.7	34.1	42.0	42.7	151.2	80.8	44.2	55.8	51.8	64.0	89.0	4.6	3.9

表1 研究区地表水和地下水水化学组分描述性统计分析

Table 1 Descriptive statistical analysis of chemical components of surface water and groundwater in the study area

项目		T	pH	DO	Eh	TDS	EC	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	HC $O 3 -$	S $O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	δ¹⁸O	δD
地表水	最小值	12.1	8.3	7.1	36.1	54.8	91.3	0.1	2.7	18.0	2.3	82.4	1.3	19.1	-8.9	-59
	最大值	18.6	9.9	20.4	176.8	194.4	319.0	4.5	200.9	107.4	71.8	488.0	15.6	87.8	-6.2	-51
	平均值	15.0	8.9	11.6	93.8	114.9	192.3	0.8	15.4	40.5	11.2	268.0	6.6	41.7	-7.3	-52
	标准差	1.4	0.7	2.7	32.3	39.2	63.0	0.8	14.5	13.2	6.8	116.6	3.7	18.8	0.7	3.1
	变异系数	9.3	8.1	23.7	34.5	34.1	32.7	102.5	94.0	32.5	60.6	43.5	56.3	45.2	9.2	5.9
地下水	最小值	6.5	6.6	2.9	34.1	81.1	115.1	0.1	3.7	23.6	4.1	44.8	15.5	2.3	-8.8	-61
	最大值	17.0	8.3	14.3	248.5	497.0	745.0	26.7	85.9	171.2	57.9	876.9	213.4	91.4	-7.0	-51
	平均值	12.0	7.8	8.5	123.3	201.5	314.6	3.5	23.4	76.3	20.6	376.4	61.8	17.8	-8.1	-57
	标准差	2.2	0.3	1.8	42.0	84.7	134.2	5.3	18.9	33.7	11.5	194.8	39.5	15.9	16.2	2.2
	变异系数	18.5	4.4	21.7	34.1	42.0	42.7	151.2	80.8	44.2	55.8	51.8	64.0	89.0	4.6	3.9

图4 Gibbs图解法比较柳江盆地各水体水化学特征

Fig.4 Comparison of water chemistry characteristics of Liujiang Basin using Gibbs graphical method

图5 研究区河水和地下水电导率空间分布特征

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of EC of river water and groundwater in the study area

图6 研究区河水δD,δ ¹⁸O沿程变化特征

Fig.6 Variation of the river water δD,δ ¹⁸O along the distance in the study area

图7 研究区地下水δD,δ ¹⁸O随井深变化特征

Fig.7 Variation of the groundwater δD,δ ¹⁸O with the depth of wells in the study area

图8 研究区不同水体δD-δ ¹⁸O关系图

Fig.8 δD-δ ¹⁸O relationship of different water bodies in the study area

图9 研究区地下水与地表水相互作用关系示意

Fig.9 Relationship between groundwater and surface water in the study area

图10 研究区大石河流域河水与地下水δD,δ ¹⁸O关系图

Fig.10 The relationship between δD and δ ¹⁸O of river water and groundwater in Dashi River Basin

图11 研究区东宫河流域河水与地下水δD和δ ¹⁸O关系图

Fig.11 The relationship between δD and δ ¹⁸O of river water and groundwater in Donggong River Basin

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