地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 101 -109. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.01.0101

上一篇    

近25年唐古拉山西段冰川变化遥感监测
王聪强( ), 杨太保 *( ), 许艾文, 冀琴, MihretabG.Ghebrezgabher   
  1. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-10 修回日期:2016-11-20 出版日期:2017-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨太保 E-mail:15101229024@163.com;yangtb@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目“黄河上游晚更新世河流阶地和冰川演化对千年尺度气候变化的响应”(编号:41271024);兰州大学地理学基地科研训练及科研能力提高项目(编号:J1210065)资助.

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Glacier Changes in the Western Region of Tanggula Mountains in Recent 25 Years

Congqiang Wang( ), Taibao Yang *( ), Aiwen Xu, Qin Ji, G. Ghebrezgabher Mihretab   

  1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2016-08-10 Revised:2016-11-20 Online:2017-01-20 Published:2017-01-10
  • Contact: Taibao Yang E-mail:15101229024@163.com;yangtb@lzu.edu.cn
  • About author:

    First author:Wang Congqiang(1989-), male, Pingdingshan City,He’nan Province, Master student. Research areas include global and environmental change. E-mail:15101229024@163.com

    *Corresponding author:Yang Taibao(1962-), male, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, Professor. Research areas include physical geography and environmental change. E-mail:yangtb@lzu.edu.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Yellow River Late Pleistocene river terraces and glacial evolution on millennial-scale climate change”(No.41271024);the Scientific Research Training and Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project of Geography Base of Lanzhou University (No.J1210065).

基于1990—2015年Landsat影像数据,利用比值阈值和NIR水体识别相结合的新方法提取并研究了近25年来唐古拉山西段冰川变化情况和规律,并采用克里金插值构建研究区气候分布及变化特征,揭示冰川变化与气候变化的关系。研究得出:唐古拉山西段冰川总体退缩比较严重,近25年来冰川面积退缩约202.84 km2,占1990年面积的11.98%;冰川退缩主要集中在海拔5 800 m以下;研究区东南部冰川退缩最严重,中部格拉丹冬地区冰川退缩较少;空间插值表明研究区东南部相对较湿热而西北部干冷,西北—东南方向温度分布呈现由低到高的变化趋势,降水量先减少后增加总体变化幅度不大,但研究区气温普遍上升,插值变化显示增温区从研究区中心向周围辐射,最大增温区几乎已经覆盖整个冰川区域;唐古拉山西段冰川的加速退缩主要是由升温造成的。

This paper focuses on revealing the status quo and variation of glaciers in the western region of Tanggula Mountains. The ratio threshold, NIR water identification and visual interpretation were used to extract the boundary of glaciers based on Landsat data (TM/ETM+/OLI) from 1990 to 2015. In particular, the NIR water identification is a new method to extract glaciers from water, which is suitable to improve the traditional method of ratio threshold. This study used spatial interpolation method to evaluate temperature and precipitation changes. The kriging interpolation method was adapted to manipulate and to extract the appropriate data based on ten weather stations. Comparing to the variations and characteristics of glaciers and climate change from 1990 to 2015, we concluded that glacial retreat in the western region of Tanggula Mountains was serious. The glacier area reduced from 1 693.65 km2 to 1 490.81 km2, respectively, in 1990 and 2015, in general, approximately 202.84 km2 (11.98%) of glacier area has been retreated in the last 25 years. Moreover, the rate of glacier decline after 2000 was much faster than the last decade of the 20th century. In addition, the decreased area of glaciers in the lower altitude basins below 5 000 meters occupied 94.84% of the total change area while the glacier above 5 000 meters almost had no change. The kriging interpolation of the meteorological data indicated that the southeast of the study area was damp and hot while the northwest was cold and dry. The characteristic of temperature distribution from the northwest to the southeast presented from low to high, and precipitation increased in the first of the study period and then decreased but both of them were not very significant. In short, the temperature of study area was increased more prominently since 2000, while the precipitation change was very weak. The mean annual temperature and precipitation of 1980-1989a, 1990-1999a, and 2000-2013a were -3.53 ℃, -3.20 ℃, -2.22 ℃, and 384.49 mm, 354.27 mm, 428.13 mm, respectively. The study found that the glacier change was consistent with temperature variation in spite of the adverse effects of increased precipitation. Therefore, the research concluded that the precipitation change was not more significant comparing to temperature change. In other words, the main reason of the rapid decrease of glaciers in study area was likely due to the rise of temperature.

中图分类号: 

表1 影像数据
Table 1 The Landsat scenes utilized for the study
图1 “比值阈值-NIR水体识别法”冰川提取及NIR统计直方图
第一行是使用常规比值阈值法从3幅遥感数据(TM/ETM+/OLI)中提取的冰川初始边界,第二行是对应的3幅遥感数据近红外波段的地物统计分布直方图,第三行是使用比值阈值法与NIR水体识别相结合的方法从上面对应的3幅遥感数据中提取的冰川初始边界
Fig.1 Glaciers extraction based on “the ratio threshold-NIR water identification method” and NIR histogram
The data in the first row are initial glacier boundaries from three remote sensing images which used the common ratio threshold. The second are statistical histograms of NIR from the three images. The third are glacier boundaries from the three remote sensing images based on “the ratio threshold-NIR water identification method”
图2 研究区冰川分布图
国界和行政界线数据来源于国家基础地理信息系统
Fig.2 The distribution and samples of the glacier in study region
The data of national boundary and administrative boundary coming from National Geomatics Center of China
表2 1990—2015年冰川面积和储量变化
Table 2 The variation of glacier area and volume from 1990 to 2015
图3 不同海拔区间内冰川面积分布图
Fig.3 The distribution of glaciers in different elevation grade
图4 不同坡向冰川分布图
Fig.4 The distribution of glaciers from different aspects
图5 不同阶段平均气温和降水对比变化插值图
Fig.5 The variation of mean annual temperature and precipitation from different period
表3 我国其他学者对唐古拉山冰川的研究情况
Table 3 Statistics of glacier study of other scholars in Tanggula Mountains
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