我国油(气)田水钾资源研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.02.0147.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 147 -159. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.02.0147.

我国油(气)田水钾资源研究进展

穆延宗(

), 乜贞 ^*(

), 卜令忠, 王云生, 伍倩

中国地质科学院矿产资源所国土资源部盐湖资源与环境重点实验室, 北京 100037

收稿日期:2015-10-22 修回日期:2016-01-03 出版日期:2016-02-20
通讯作者: 乜贞 E-mail:991123833@qq.com;nieezhen518@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“含锂碳酸盐六元水盐体系298K热力学性质和相平衡预测研究”(编号: 41473061) 资助

Progress in Study of Potash Resources of Oil (Gas) Field Brine in China

Yanzong Mu( ), Zhen Nie( ), Lingzhong Bu, Yunsheng Wang, Qian Wu

MLR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments, Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS,Beijing 100037, China

Received:2015-10-22 Revised:2016-01-03 Online:2016-02-20 Published:2016-02-10
About author:
First author:Mu Yanzong(1988-),male,Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province,Master student. Research area include mineral resource prospecting and exploration.E-mail:991123833@qq.com

Corresponding author:Nie Zhen(1972-),male,Guide City,Qinghai Province,Professor. Research area include comprehensive utilization of resources in Saline Lake. E-mail:nieezhen518@163.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on the prediction of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria of lithium-containing corbonate salt-water system of six components at 298K”(No.41473061)

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我国是一个拥有13亿人口的农业大国,但是钾盐资源紧缺,多年来对外依存度高达50%以上。在地表盐湖增储潜力有限、海相地层找钾尚未取得突破性进展的情况下,富钾油(气)田水成为解决我国钾资源燃眉之急的首选。近年来,国内在“油钾兼探”方针的指导下对富钾油(气)田水进行了大量勘探、调查评价和研究工作并取得了丰硕的成果。从卤水特点、卤水地球化学和资源评价3个方面总结了前人对柴达木盆地、四川盆地、江汉盆地、塔里木盆地等重要钾盐前景区油(气)田水的研究成果,得出了我国不同盆地油(气)田水资源特点,评价了各盆地油(气)田水研究现状,认为应该重点加强对柴达木盆地西部地区的油(气)田水找钾及研究工作,而且各盆地在油(气)田水资源评价方面研究薄弱,亟需建立油(气)田水资源评价标准与方法。

关键词: 油(气)田水, 钾盐资源, 油钾兼探, 资源评价, 卤水地球化学

With a population of 1.3 billion, China is a large agricultural country. However, China is short of potash resources as the external dependence is more than 50% for many years. With the limited possibility for increasing potash reserves from surface salt lakes, and the challenge of finding potash deposit from marine strata has not been yet overcome, the oil (gas) field brine resources has become the preferred source for the urgent needs of potash. In recent years, a lot of exploration and research work on the oil (gas) field brine has been done under the guide of “oil and potash co-exploration” policy and delightful achievements have been obtained. The research achievements at Qaidam Basin, Sichuan Basin, Jianghan Basin and Tarim Basin were summarized in the present paper. All of the above basins are the most important areas with great prospects of oil (gas) field brine. This paper mainly focused on three aspects, the brine characteristics, the brine geochemistry and resource assessment. After the summary, the characteristics of oil (gas) field brine and the progress in study of that were gotten in different basins. It was suggested that the research work of (gas) field brine at Qaidam Basin should be emphasized. It was concluded that the evaluation work of oil (gas) field brine resources is insufficient at the four basins, and it is urgent to establish oil (gas) field brine resources evaluation criteria and methods.

Key words: Oil(gas) field brine, Potash resources, Oil and potash co-exploration, Resources evaluation, Brine geochemistry.

中图分类号:

P595

表1 世界钾盐(K ₂O当量)矿山产量和储量

Table 1 Word potash(K ₂O equivalent) mine production and reserves

国家	可采储量 /万t	全球储量占比 /%	年产量/万t
国家	可采储量 /万t	全球储量占比 /%	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014^e年
加拿大	110 000	31.43	978.8	1100	898	1010	980
俄罗斯	60 000	17.14	628	650	547	610	620
白俄罗斯	75 000	21.43	525	550	476	424	430
巴西	5 000	1.43	45.3	45.4	42.5	43	35
中国	21 000	6.00	320	370	410	430	440
德国	15 000	4.29	300	301	312	320	300
美国	20 000	5.71	193	1 100	190	196	185
智利	15 000	4.29	80	98	105	105	110
以色列	24 000	1.14	196	196	190	210	250
约旦	24 000	1.14	120	138	109	108	110
英国	7 000	2.00	42.7	42.7	47	47	47
西班牙	2 000	0.57	41.5	42	42	42	42
其他国家	12 000	3.43	-	-	-	-	-
全球总计	350 000	100.00	3 370	3 640	3 270	3 450	3 500

表1 世界钾盐(K ₂O当量)矿山产量和储量

Table 1 Word potash(K ₂O equivalent) mine production and reserves

国家	可采储量 /万t	全球储量占比 /%	年产量/万t
国家	可采储量 /万t	全球储量占比 /%	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014^e年
加拿大	110 000	31.43	978.8	1100	898	1010	980
俄罗斯	60 000	17.14	628	650	547	610	620
白俄罗斯	75 000	21.43	525	550	476	424	430
巴西	5 000	1.43	45.3	45.4	42.5	43	35
中国	21 000	6.00	320	370	410	430	440
德国	15 000	4.29	300	301	312	320	300
美国	20 000	5.71	193	1 100	190	196	185
智利	15 000	4.29	80	98	105	105	110
以色列	24 000	1.14	196	196	190	210	250
约旦	24 000	1.14	120	138	109	108	110
英国	7 000	2.00	42.7	42.7	47	47	47
西班牙	2 000	0.57	41.5	42	42	42	42
其他国家	12 000	3.43	-	-	-	-	-
全球总计	350 000	100.00	3 370	3 640	3 270	3 450	3 500

图1 地下卤水研究内容(据参考文献[11]修改)

Fig.1 The research content of underground brine(modified after reference[11])

图2 我国大陆富含油(气)田水盆地分布示意图

Fig.2 The distribution diagram of basins which are riched in underground brine in mainland of China

图3 油田水中钾平均含量 ^{[

31
~

34
]}
K ⁺含量为算数平均值

Fig.3 The average content of potassium of oil brine ^{[

31
~

34
]}
The content of K ⁺ is arithmetic average

表2 柴达木盆地油(气)田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 2 The chemical characteristics of Qaidam Basin oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

井位	取样层位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	B₂ $O 3 *$	Br^-*	I^-*	ρ^**	TDS
南V9-2	-	12.05	71.14	18.37	2.18	166.59	2.37	224	3540	99.1	30.8	1.19	276.7
狮28井	$E 31$	5.78	117.00	0.49	0.00	176.18	8.80	133	4700	62.7	27.9	1.20	313.3
咸新6井	N¹	0.41	74.92	1.47	0.76	118.99	0.00	35.96	2840	84.6	-	1.14	199.5
扎209井	N¹	0.96	44.02	0.99	0.03	67.79	3.51	12.4	2130	57	31	1.08	119.5
尖II3-7	$N 21$	0.83	78.85	7.26	2.66	142.85	0.02	102.1	1544	36.05	-	1.16	234.2
七7-13	$E 31$	0.42	75.73	0.12	0.00	107.72	4.63	7.80	1140	67.2	27.5	1.13	189.9
砂102井	$E 31$	1.23	39.50	4.34	0.62	73.35	0.90	23.6	807	34.2	17.7	1.08	120.8
砂102井	$N 21$	1.10	195.90	0.96	11.89	61.49	4.91	7.1	399	20.3	3.3	1.07	100.4
油3-68井	$N 21$	1.84	91.44	12.39	4.52	179.98	0.06	193.8	2157	79	-	1.20	292.7

表2 柴达木盆地油(气)田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 2 The chemical characteristics of Qaidam Basin oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

井位	取样层位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	B₂ $O 3 *$	Br^-*	I^-*	ρ^**	TDS
南V9-2	-	12.05	71.14	18.37	2.18	166.59	2.37	224	3540	99.1	30.8	1.19	276.7
狮28井	$E 31$	5.78	117.00	0.49	0.00	176.18	8.80	133	4700	62.7	27.9	1.20	313.3
咸新6井	N¹	0.41	74.92	1.47	0.76	118.99	0.00	35.96	2840	84.6	-	1.14	199.5
扎209井	N¹	0.96	44.02	0.99	0.03	67.79	3.51	12.4	2130	57	31	1.08	119.5
尖II3-7	$N 21$	0.83	78.85	7.26	2.66	142.85	0.02	102.1	1544	36.05	-	1.16	234.2
七7-13	$E 31$	0.42	75.73	0.12	0.00	107.72	4.63	7.80	1140	67.2	27.5	1.13	189.9
砂102井	$E 31$	1.23	39.50	4.34	0.62	73.35	0.90	23.6	807	34.2	17.7	1.08	120.8
砂102井	$N 21$	1.10	195.90	0.96	11.89	61.49	4.91	7.1	399	20.3	3.3	1.07	100.4
油3-68井	$N 21$	1.84	91.44	12.39	4.52	179.98	0.06	193.8	2157	79	-	1.20	292.7

表3 南翼山油田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 3 The chemical characteristics of Nanyishan oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

井位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	B₂ $O 3 *$	Br^-*	I^-*	ρ^**	TDS	数据来源
南13	5.27	89.02	15.03	1.47	174.58	-	237.9	2 491	37.7	-	1.18	-	本文
南6	7.52	85.68	15.86	1.09	169	0.22	253	2 426	46.2	37.92	1.18	282.2	[35]
南2-3	7.66	84.92	15.75	1.38	170.3	0.32	254	2 540	51.8	33.5	1.19	285	[35]
南13	5.21	87.58	14.73	1.49	172.2	0.27	230	2 531	-	-	1.19	285.5	[35]
南5	7.48	78.5	14.12	0.4	161.8	0.4	200	2 577	-	29.98	1.16	268.4	[11]

表3 南翼山油田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 3 The chemical characteristics of Nanyishan oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

井位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	B₂ $O 3 *$	Br^-*	I^-*	ρ^**	TDS	数据来源
南13	5.27	89.02	15.03	1.47	174.58	-	237.9	2 491	37.7	-	1.18	-	本文
南6	7.52	85.68	15.86	1.09	169	0.22	253	2 426	46.2	37.92	1.18	282.2	[35]
南2-3	7.66	84.92	15.75	1.38	170.3	0.32	254	2 540	51.8	33.5	1.19	285	[35]
南13	5.21	87.58	14.73	1.49	172.2	0.27	230	2 531	-	-	1.19	285.5	[35]
南5	7.48	78.5	14.12	0.4	161.8	0.4	200	2 577	-	29.98	1.16	268.4	[11]

表4 四川盆地油田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 4 The chemical characteristics of the Sichuan Basin oilfield birne (unit:g/L)

井位	取样层位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	B₂ $O 3 *$	Br^-*	I^-*	ρ^**	TDS	数据来源
卧16井	T₁j^2-2	0.71	41.71	6.01	1.00	76.22	1.78	5.50	593.4	1 044	31	-	129.4	[45]
川25井	T₁j^5-2-T₂l^1-2	25.96	100.52	10.88	1.26	201.97	0.38	323	1 694	1 675	38.0	597	352.7	[46]
女106井	T₂x	1.85	76.72	25.27	2.36	175.18	0.00	-	232.9	1 901	43.1	-	288.9	[47]
磨208	T₁j²	0.77	30.61	3.32	0.97	57.23	1.71	-	-	1 168	9	-	95.9	[48]
平落4井	T₂l⁴	48.95	93.7	2.29	3.04	196.75	0.16	66.3	-	4 800	24	43.7	348.4	[49,50]
平落20井	-	53.8	93.1	4.39	4.26	207.19	2.38	96	-	3710	-	222	373.6	[51]

表4 四川盆地油田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 4 The chemical characteristics of the Sichuan Basin oilfield birne (unit:g/L)

井位	取样层位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	B₂ $O 3 *$	Br^-*	I^-*	ρ^**	TDS	数据来源
卧16井	T₁j^2-2	0.71	41.71	6.01	1.00	76.22	1.78	5.50	593.4	1 044	31	-	129.4	[45]
川25井	T₁j^5-2-T₂l^1-2	25.96	100.52	10.88	1.26	201.97	0.38	323	1 694	1 675	38.0	597	352.7	[46]
女106井	T₂x	1.85	76.72	25.27	2.36	175.18	0.00	-	232.9	1 901	43.1	-	288.9	[47]
磨208	T₁j²	0.77	30.61	3.32	0.97	57.23	1.71	-	-	1 168	9	-	95.9	[48]
平落4井	T₂l⁴	48.95	93.7	2.29	3.04	196.75	0.16	66.3	-	4 800	24	43.7	348.4	[49,50]
平落20井	-	53.8	93.1	4.39	4.26	207.19	2.38	96	-	3710	-	222	373.6	[51]

表5 江汉盆地油田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 5 The chemical characteristics of the Jianghan Basin oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

井位	层位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	Br^-*	I^-*	Sr^2+*	TDS	数据来源
沙4井	沙市组	9.06	103.66	16.40	0.03	198.80	-	65	230	42	18	330.6	[67]
路9井	新沟嘴组	9.63	116.72	4.43	0.08	195.67	1.00	62	232	32	400	327.7	[67]
沙15井	沙市组	9.17	120.71	5.42	-	203.26	0.48	-	220	39	-	310.4	[67]
岗钾1井	新沟嘴组	9.14	119.36	4.14	0.17	200.00	0.78	52	230	31	-	337.0	[68,69]

表5 江汉盆地油田水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 5 The chemical characteristics of the Jianghan Basin oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

井位	层位	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	Li^+*	Br^-*	I^-*	Sr^2+*	TDS	数据来源
沙4井	沙市组	9.06	103.66	16.40	0.03	198.80	-	65	230	42	18	330.6	[67]
路9井	新沟嘴组	9.63	116.72	4.43	0.08	195.67	1.00	62	232	32	400	327.7	[67]
沙15井	沙市组	9.17	120.71	5.42	-	203.26	0.48	-	220	39	-	310.4	[67]
岗钾1井	新沟嘴组	9.14	119.36	4.14	0.17	200.00	0.78	52	230	31	-	337.0	[68,69]

表6 塔里木盆地西部盐矿点卤水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 6 The chemical characteristics of west Tarim Basin salt mineral oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

地区	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	S $O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	HC $O 3 -$	Br^-*	B^*	TDS	数据来源
苦牙克	0.061	32.836	0.466	0.471	2.612	50.463	0.515	0.085	0.204	87.423	[78]
塔什米里克	0.306	71.113	1.820	0.520	4.245	110.66	0.058	5.152	0.797	224.076	[78]
乌克沙鲁	0.208	57.703	0.785	1.022	4.641	89.682	0.111	18.124	15.640	154.154	[78]
盐山口	0.221	123.659	1.820	0.265	3.420	192.062	0.020	0.429	1.469	321.467	[78]
包孜墩	0.237	122.289	2.013	0.205	3.289	190.092	0.026	0.731	0.962	318.213	[78]
盐水沟	0.244	122.912	1.972	0.501	3.128	191.913	0.021	0.860	0.959	320.691	[78]
康村西	0.252	97.425	2.434	0.997	3.740	154.920	0.006	5.412	0.385	259.775	[77]

表6 塔里木盆地西部盐矿点卤水水化学数据(单位:g/L)

Table 6 The chemical characteristics of west Tarim Basin salt mineral oilfield brine (unit:g/L)

地区	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	S $O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	HC $O 3 -$	Br^-*	B^*	TDS	数据来源
苦牙克	0.061	32.836	0.466	0.471	2.612	50.463	0.515	0.085	0.204	87.423	[78]
塔什米里克	0.306	71.113	1.820	0.520	4.245	110.66	0.058	5.152	0.797	224.076	[78]
乌克沙鲁	0.208	57.703	0.785	1.022	4.641	89.682	0.111	18.124	15.640	154.154	[78]
盐山口	0.221	123.659	1.820	0.265	3.420	192.062	0.020	0.429	1.469	321.467	[78]
包孜墩	0.237	122.289	2.013	0.205	3.289	190.092	0.026	0.731	0.962	318.213	[78]
盐水沟	0.244	122.912	1.972	0.501	3.128	191.913	0.021	0.860	0.959	320.691	[78]
康村西	0.252	97.425	2.434	0.997	3.740	154.920	0.006	5.412	0.385	259.775	[77]

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