青藏高原隆升及其环境效应

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.05.0451

“青藏高原形成演化及其环境资源效应”项目选择青藏高原为典型地区，特别注意高原与毗邻地区的联系，以从全球尺度探讨高原的各种过程，目标集中在大陆碰撞过程和高原隆升过程，以过程为主线贯通碰撞机制、环境变化和资源分布规律的研究；时间上着重新生代以来，在不同精细时间尺度上定量地描述碰撞和隆升的动态过程及环境变化。运用地球科学、生命科学、环境科学及各学科之间有机交叉、综合研究的方法，开展大陆碰撞动力学、环境变化、现代表生过程及各圈层相互作用等重大理论问题的研究，为青藏高原地区的资源开发和环境调控提供科学依据。按照统观全局、突出重点的原则，项目主要研究内容包括以下4个方面：大陆岩石圈碰撞过程及其成矿效应;高原隆升过程与东亚气候环境变化;青藏高原现代表生过程及相互作用机理;青藏高原区域系统相互作用的综合研究。在完成研究计划任务的基础上，项目取得如下的突出研究成果和创新性进展：印度大陆与欧亚大陆初始碰撞时限;青藏高原南北缘山盆岩石圈尺度的构造关系;青藏高原整合构造模型与成矿成藏评价;新生代高原北部重大的构造变形隆升事件序列;高原周边环境变化事件及高原隆升对亚洲季风发展变化的影响;高分辨率气候动态过程及变化趋势;高原主要生态系统碳过程对气候变化的响应;高原气候变化及冰冻圈变化与预测;高原土地覆被变化、恢复整治及管理。

关键词: 青藏高原, 大陆岩石圈, 碰撞与隆升过程, 气候环境变化, 现代表生过程

The plateau is an ideal natural laboratory for studies on the earth dynamics of lithosphere and the environmental change, with broad applying prospective for the regional sustainable development of the plateau. By taking Tibetan Plateau as a key area, the project has specially focused on linkages with surrounding regions and the globe. The project emphasizes the study of the process of continental collision and uplift process of the plateau, while the processes are considered as a key clue through the studies on collision mechanism, environmental changes and resource effects. The research is devoted to quantitatively depict the dynamic processes of tectonic collision and uplift and environmental changes at different time scales since the Cenozoic Era. By applying synthetic and interdisciplinary methods borrowed from earth sciences, life sciences, environmental science and their hybridized integration, the important theoretical issues such as continental collision dynamics, environmental changes, contemporary epigenetic processes and interactions between biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere have been studied, which has provided scientific bases for the resource exploitation and environment harnessing on the plateau.
Since the implementation of the project in 1998, the project have been carried out many field excursions, during which field geological, geographical and ecological survey and sampling have been finished. Meanwhile, systematic long-term and temporary observation in the field and research, and laboratory analysis, testing, and identification of collected samples and specimens were carried out. The following achievements have been made: to find out the time limit of initial stage of collision between Indian and Eurasian continents; to explain the tectonic-geological relationship at a mountain- basin lithosphere scale in the northern and southern margin of the plateau; to put forward tectonic systems and to evaluate the mineralization belt and oil gas resources of the plateau; to establish a series of major tectonic-deformation and uplift events in the northern plateau during the Cenozoic Era; to reveal a high solution dynamic process and change tendency of climate; to elaborate the effects of the plateau uplifting on the evolution and changes of the Asian monsoon; to clarify absorption and release of the green-house gas of main ecosystem types on the plateau; to predict changes of cryosphere with climate changes on the plateau and to illustrate land-cover changes as well as the rehabilitation and management of the degraded land.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, Continental lithosphere, Collision and uplifting process, Climatic and environmental changes, Contemporary epigenetic processes.

中图分类号:

X141

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注:限于篇幅,参考文献仅列举本项目的部分研究成果。请参阅本项目的学术专著《青藏高原隆升与环境效应》及在各种刊物上发表的相关论文。

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摘要

Uplifting of Tibetan Plateau with Its Environmental Effects