地球科学进展 ›› 2004, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 457 -466. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.03.0457

所属专题: 青藏高原研究——青藏科考虚拟专刊

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原隆升的地质灾害效应
彭建兵;马润勇;卢全中;李喜安;邵铁全   
  1. 长安大学地质工程与测绘工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2004-04-09 修回日期:2004-04-20 出版日期:2004-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 彭建兵(1953-),男,湖北麻城人,教授,主要从事工程地质与岩土工程方面的研究. E-mail:E-mail: dicexy-1@chd.edu.cn

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS EFFECTS OF UPLIFT OF QINGHAITIBET PLATEAU

PENG Jiangbing, MA Runyong, LU Quanzhong, LI Xian,SHAO Tiequan   

  1. College of Geological Engineering and Geometry , Chang’an University,Xi’an  710054,China
  • Received:2004-04-09 Revised:2004-04-20 Online:2004-12-20 Published:2004-06-01

根据青藏高原隆升具有持续性和阶段性加速的特征,将其整个隆升过程分为 4个隆升阶段 15个隆升幕,即喜马拉雅运动(6个加速隆升幕)---递进式压缩隆升阶段;青藏运动(3个加速隆升幕)---构造变形、断裂运动性质调整阶段;昆黄运动(3个加速隆升幕)---高原造貌主阶段;共和运动阶段(3个加速隆升幕)---地质灾害高发期。由于青藏高原的强烈隆升,最终使其成为我国地质灾害最为严重的地区之一。尤其是青藏高原周缘西北部的黄河上游流域、东南部的长江上游流域、西藏南部的雅鲁藏布江下游区及其东南部的"三江地区",成为地质灾害事件集中发生的区域,其中的地震、崩滑流、断裂活动等地质灾害效应最为强烈,成为影响现代人类工程活动和生存环境的主要灾害。

Based onthe feature of continuity and stage accelerationof Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift, overall uplift process is divided into four stagesand fifteen uplift-episodes, namely Himalayan tectonic movement(six accelerate-uplift episodes)-progressive compressing-uplifting stage, “Qinghai-Tibet” tectonic movement(three accelerate-uplift episodes)-the adjustment on tectonic deformation and fault-kinematics, “Kunlun-Yellow river” tectonic movement(three accelerate-uplift episodes)-the geomorphologic-shaping period, “Gonghe” tectonic movement(three accelerate-uplift episodes) high development period of geological hazards. Owing to the strong uplift of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the plateau eventually turn into one of region that the geological hazards are most severe in China. Especially the drainage area of upper reaches of Yellow River in northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau , the drainage area of upper reaches of Yangtse river, lower reaches of Brahmaputra in southern Tibet and the upper reaches of Nujiang river, Lancangjiang river and Jinshajiang river in southeastern Tibet, are centralized areas that geological hazards occur, in which the earthquakes, rockfalls, landslides and mudflows are most typical, severe, and mostly hazards in human modern engineering activity and living environment.

中图分类号: 

[1]Li Tingdong(李廷栋).The Uplifting Process and Mechanism of the QinhaiTibet Plateau[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica(地球学报),1995, 16(1): 1-9(in Chinese).
[2]Li Jijun(李吉均),Fang Xiaoming(方小敏),Ma Haizhou(马海洲).Geomorphological evolution of the upper Yellow River and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift and East Asian environmental change during Cenozoic era[J].Science in China(中国科学), 1996,26(4):316-322(in Chinese).
[3]Shi Yafeng(施雅风),Li Jijun(李吉均),Li Bingyuan(李炳元),et al.Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan)Plateau and east Asiaenvironmental change during Late Cenozoic[J].Acta Geographica Sinica(地理学报),1999,54(1):10-20(in Chinese).
[4]Ma Zongjin(马宗晋),Zhang Jiasheng(张家声), Wang Yipeng(汪一鹏).The 3-d Deformational Movement Episodes and Neotectonic Domains in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(地质学报),1998,72(3): 211-227(in Chinese).
[5]Pan Yusheng(潘裕生),Kong Xiangru(孔祥儒).Lithospheric Structure,Evolutionand Dynamics of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science & Technology Press,1998(in Chinese).
[6]Zhong Dalai, Ding Lin. Rising process of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau and its mechanism[J].Science in China (D),1996,39(4):369-379.
[7]Dewey J,Shackleton R M,Chang C,et al. Tectonic evolution of the Tibetan P1ateau [J]. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London, 1988, A327: 379-413.
[8]Liu Jiaqi(刘嘉麒).Tectogenesis and the historical development of environment[A]. In: Lu Yanchou(卢演俦) et al, eds. Neo-tectonics and Environment[C]. Beijing: Seismological Press 2001.11-13(in Chinese).
[9]Harrison T M, Copeland P, Kidd W S F,et al. Raising Tibet[J].Science,1992,255:1 663-1 670.
[10]Deng Wanming(邓万明). Cenozoic magnetic actives and lithosphere evolution of the QinghaiXizang[A]. In: Informationand Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, Environmental Changes and Ecological System (1994)[C]. Beijing: Science Press, 1995.288-296(in Chinese).
[11]Wu Zhenhan(吴珍汉),Ye Peisheng(叶培盛),Hu Daogong(胡道功),et al. Crust Deformation and Tectonic-Geomorphic Evolution of the Central Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing: Geological Press, 2003.120-182(in Chinese).
[12]Li Jijun, et al.Uplift of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau and global change[M].Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press,1995.
[13]Li Binyuan(李炳元), Wang Fubao(王富葆), Zhang Qingsong(张青松),et al.Quaternary Geologyin Xizang[M].Beijing: Science Press,1983.110-129(in Chinese).
[14]Leloup P H,Harrison T M,Ryerson F,et al.Structural, Petrological and thermal evolution of a Teniary ductile strike-slip shear zone,Diancang Shan, Yunnan[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B5):6 715-6 743.
[15]Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.The Ailao ShanRed River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary transform boundary of Indo-china[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251:3-84.
[16]Cui Zhijiu,Gao Quanzhou,Liu Gengnian,et al. Planation surfaces, Paleokarst and uplift of Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J]. Science in China (D), 1996,39(4): 391-400.
[17]Pan Guitang(潘桂棠), Wang Peisheng(王培生), Xu Yaorong(徐耀荣),et al.Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House ,1990.32-70(in Chinese).
[18]Tang Maocang(汤懋苍), Dong Wenjie(董文杰).Influences of seven Tibetan plateau raising processes on climate and environment[J].Plateau Meteorology(高原气象), 1997,16(1):23-29(in Chinese).
[19]Burbank D W,et al.Reduced Himalayan sediment production 8 Myr ago despite an intensified monsoon[J].Nature,1993,364:48-50.
[20]Chen Zhengle(陈正乐), Wan Jinglin(万景林), Wang Xiaofeng(王小凤),et al. Rapid Strikeslip of the altyn Tagh fault at 8 Ma and its geological implications[J].Acta Geoscience  Sinica(地球学报),2002,23(4):295-300(in Chinese).
[21]Shen Xuhui(申旭辉), Tian Qinjian(田勤俭), Ding Guoyu(丁国瑜),et al.The Late Cenozoic Stratigraphic Sequence and Its Implication to Tectonic Evolution, Hejiakouzi Area,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[J].Earthquake Research in China(中国地震),2001,17(2): 156-166(in Chinese).
[22]An Zhisheng,Kutzbach J E,Prell W L,et al.Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the HimalayaTibetan Plateau since late Miocenetimes[J].Nature,2001,411:62-66
[23]Pan Baotian(潘保田), Li Jijun(李吉均), Zhu Junjie(朱俊杰). Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A Driver and Amplifier ofthe Global Cli-maic Change—Ⅱ:Uplift processes of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)(兰州大学学报,自然科学版),1995,31(4):160-167(in Chinese).
[24]Chen Fubin(陈富斌).Hengduan event:An important tectonic event of the late Cenozoic in Eastern Asia [J].Mountain Research(山地研究),1992,10(4):195-202(in Chinese).
[25]Cui Zhijiu(崔之久), Wu Yongqiu(伍永秋), Ge Daokai(葛道凯),et al. Environmental change of Kunlun pass area since quaternary [J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(海洋地质与第四纪地质),1999,19(1):53-62(in Chinese). 
[26]LiuDongsheng(刘东生), et al. Loess and the Environment[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985.4-255(in Chinese).
[27]Li Xianggen(李祥根). An Introduction to Neotectonic Movement of China[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2003(in Chinese).
[28]Tapponier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and tectonics in China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(20): 2 905-2 930.
[29]Armijo R,Tapponnier P.Quatenary extension in southern Tibet: fieldobservations and tectonic implications[J].Journal of  Geophysical Research, 1986,91(B14):13 803-13 872.
[30]Wang Yipeng(汪一鹏), Ren Jinwei(任金卫), Ye Jianqing(叶建青),et al. New evidence for active fault along the Nujiang suture zone[J].Seismology and Geology(地震地质), 1995,17(1):52-53(in Chinese)
[31]Fu Kaidao(傅开道), Gao Junping(高军平), Fang Xiaomin(方小敏),et al. The uplift of main peakandsize model of deposit in northern Qinghai Tibet Plateausince the8.35 Ma BP[A].In: Lu Yanchou(卢演俦),et al eds. Neotectonicsand Environment[C].Beijing: Seismological Press,2001.98-104(in Chinese).
[32]Yu Qingwen(于庆文), Li Chang'an(李长安), et al.Uplift,Sedimentary,Climate Evolution and their Coupling in the Northeast Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Cenozoic[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2001.52-101(in Chinese).
[33]Cheng Shaoping(程绍平), Deng Qidong(邓起东), Min Wei(闵伟), et al. Yellow river and quaternary tectonic movements of the Ordos Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences(第四纪研究),1998,18(3):238-248(in Chinese).
[34]Working Group on Active Fault System around the Ordos Plateau, SSB(国家地震局鄂尔多斯活动断裂系课题组).Active Fault System Around the Ordos[M].Beijing: Seismological Press,1998.325-328(in Chinese).
[35]Editional board for lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China, SSB(《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》编委会). Lithospheric Dynamics of China[C].Beijing: Seismological Press,1991.91-270(in Chinese).
[36]Li Wanlun(李万伦), Lu Yanchou(卢演俦), Ding Guoyu(丁国瑜). Paleomagnetic evidence from loess for the relative motion between theOrdos and its adjacent blocks[J].Quaternary Sciences(第四纪研究),2001,21(6):551-559(in Chinese).
[37]Li Jijun.The environmental effects of the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Quaternary Science Reviews, 1991,10: 479-483. 
[38]Cui Zhijiu(崔之久), Wu Yongqiu(伍永秋), Liu Gengnian(刘耕年). Discovery and character of the Kunlun-Yellow River tectonic movementand its feature[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(科学通报),1997, 42(18):1 986-1 989(in Chinese).
[39]Cui Zhijiu,Wu Yongqiu,Liu Gengnian, et al. On Kunlun-Yellow River tectonic movement[J].Science inChina(D),1998,41 (6): 592-600.
[40]Pan Baotian(潘保田), Li Jijun(李吉均), Cao Jixiu(曹继秀).The landforms in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and problem of physiographic stage[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)(兰州大学学报,自然科学版),1994,30(1):115-123(in Chinese). 
[41]Li Jijun(李吉均), Fang Xiaomin(方小敏), Pan Baotian(潘保田), et al. Late Cenozoic intensive uplift of Qinghai-Xizang plateau and its impacts on environments in surrounding area[J].Quaternary Sciences(第四纪研究),2001,21(5):381-391(in Chinese).
[42]Li Chang’an(李长安), Yin Hongfu(殷鸿福), Yu Qingwen(于庆文). Tectonic uplift, water system response and environment evolvement in the eastern part of the Kunlun Mountains[J].Earth Science— Journal of China University of Geosciences(地球科学——中国地质大学学报),1998,23(5):456-459(in Chinese).
[43]Pan Baotian(潘保田), Chen Fahu(陈发虎). Permafrost evolution in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the Last 150 000 years[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology(冰川冻土),1997,19 (2): 24-132(in Chinese).
[44]Geological Institution of SSB(国家地震局地质研究所), Lanzhou Seismological Institution of SSB(国家地震局兰州地震研究所). The Qilian-Mountain-Hexi Corridor Fracture System [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press,1993(in Chinese).
[45]Guo Shunmin(虢顺民), Ji Fengju(计凤桔), Xiang Hongfa(向宏发), et al.The Honghe Active Fault Zone[M].Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2001(in Chinese).
[46]“Altun Active Fault Zone” Team, SSB(国家地震局《阿尔金活动断裂带》课题组). Altun Active Fault Zone[M]. Beijing: Seismlogical Publishing House, 1992(in Chinese).
[47]The Geological Institution of CSB(国家地震局地质研究所),The Seismological Bureau of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region.Haiyuan(宁夏回族自治区地震局). Active Fracture Belt [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1990(in Chinese).
[48]Peng Jianbing(彭建兵), Mao Yanlong(毛彦龙), Fan Wen(范文).Study of Dynamics of the Regional Stability[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2001.39-222(in Chinese).
[49]Huang Runqiu(黄润秋), Wang Shitian(王士天), Zhang Zhuoyuan(张倬元),et al. The Dynamic Process of Earth’s Super-ficial Crust and its Engineering Environmental Effects[M]. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 2001(in Chinese).
[50]Ma Runyong(马润勇), Peng Jianbing(彭建兵), Zhou Lixin(周立新), et al. The study of fracture structure and the activity of F201fault in Daliushu damsite district of Heishanxia Gorge [J].Journal of Engineering Geology(工程地质学报),2002, 10(supp.): 9-102(in Chinese).
[51]Deng Qidong(邓起东), Feng Xianyue(冯先岳), Zhang Peizhen(张培震), et al. Active tectonics of the Chinese Tianshan Mountain[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2000(in Chinese).
[52]Shi Zhenliang(时振梁), Li Yuche(李裕澈), Zhang Xiaodong(张晓东).Earthquake resistant engineering and application of seismic zonation map of China[J].Engineering Science(中国工程科学),2002,4(8):20-25(in Chinese).
[53]Ma Runyong(马润勇), Peng Jianbing(彭建兵), Men Yuming(门玉明), et al. Study of fracture structure framework and problems of engineering antifracturing in Daliushu damsite district of Heishanxia gorge[J]. Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation(地质灾害与环境保护), 2002,13(4): 46-50(in Chinese).
[54]Cui Peng(崔鹏), Wei Fangqiang(韦方强), Xie Hong(谢洪),et al. Debris flow and disaster reduction strategies in western China [J]. Quaternary Sciences(第四纪研究),2003,23(2): 142-151(in Chinese).
[55]Wu Xihao(吴锡浩), Wang Sumin(王苏民), An Zhisheng( 安芷生). On tectonoclimatic cycle of quasi-period of 1.2Ma in late Cenozoic[J]. Journal of Geomechanics(地质力学学报),1998,4(4):1-10(in Chinese).
[56]Li Yonghua(李永化), Zhao Jun(赵军), Cui Zhijiu(崔之久),et al.The study of debris flow’s movement regulation and reasons in late Cenozoic Era in the eastern fringe of Tibetan Plateau and the nearby regions[J].Geographical Research(地理研究),2002,21 (5):561-568(in Chinese).
[57]Li Yonghua(李永化), Zhang Xiaoyong(张小咏), Cui Zhijiu(崔之久), et al.Periodic coupling of debris flow active periods and climate periods during quaternary[J].Quaternary Sciences(第四纪研究),2002,22(4): 340-348(in Chinese).
[58]Wang Jianli(王建力), Chen Zhong(陈忠), Zhou Xinqin(周心琴)et al. A Brief review on the debris flow occurrence and deposition at the northeastern Fringe of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University (NaturalScience)(西南师范大学学报,自然科学版),2002,27(5):766-770(in Chinese).
[59]Zhang Chunshan(张春山), Zhang Yecheng(张业成), Ma Yinsheng(马寅生),et al. Distribution regularity and regionalization of geological hazards in the upper Yellow river valley[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica(地球学报),2003,24(2): 155-160(in Chinese).
[60]Duan Yonghou(段永侯), Luo Yuanhua(罗元华), Liu Yuan(柳源),et al. The Geological Hazards in China [M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press,1993.370-483(in Chinese).

[1] 兰爱玉, 林战举, 范星文, 姚苗苗. 青藏高原北麓河多年冻土区阴阳坡地表能量和浅层土壤温湿度差异研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 962-979.
[2] 仲雷,葛楠,马耀明,傅云飞,马伟强,韩存博,王显,程美琳. 利用静止卫星估算青藏高原全域地表潜热通量[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 773-784.
[3] 王慧,张璐,石兴东,李栋梁. 2000年后青藏高原区域气候的一些新变化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 785-796.
[4] 田凤云,吴成来,张贺,林朝晖. 基于 CAS-ESM2的青藏高原蒸散发的模拟与预估[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 797-809.
[5] 马宁. 40年来青藏高原典型高寒草原和湿地蒸散发变化的对比分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 836-848.
[6] 柯思茵,张冬丽,王伟涛,王孟豪,段磊,杨敬钧,孙鑫,郑文俊. 青藏高原东北缘晚更新世以来环境变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 727-739.
[7] 魏梦美,符素华,刘宝元. 青藏高原水力侵蚀定量研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 740-752.
[8] 李耀辉, 孟宪红, 张宏升, 李忆平, 王闪闪, 沙莎, 莫绍青. 青藏高原—沙漠的陆—气耦合及对干旱影响的进展及其关键科学问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(3): 265-275.
[9] 张佳伟,李汉敖,张会平,徐心悦. 青藏高原新生代南北走向裂谷研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(8): 848-862.
[10] 杨军怀,夏敦胜,高福元,王树源,陈梓炫,贾佳,杨胜利,凌智永. 雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(8): 863-877.
[11] 姚天次,卢宏玮,于庆,冯玮. 50年来青藏高原及其周边地区潜在蒸散发变化特征及其突变检验[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 534-546.
[12] 熊建国, 李有利, 张培震. 夷平面研究新进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 378-388.
[13] 张宏文,续昱,高艳红. 19822005年青藏高原降水再循环率的模拟研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(3): 297-307.
[14] 苗毅, 刘海猛, 宋金平, 戴特奇. 青藏高原交通设施建设及影响评价研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(3): 308-318.
[15] 白玲,宋博文,李国辉,江勇. 喜马拉雅造山带地震活动及其相关地质灾害[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(6): 629-639.
阅读次数
全文


摘要