地球科学进展 ›› 2000, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 598 -603. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2000.05.0598

全球变化研究 上一篇    下一篇

海平面上升的海岸形态响应研究方法与进展
李恒鹏,杨桂山   
  1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏 南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:1999-10-17 修回日期:2000-05-29 出版日期:2000-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 李恒鹏(1973-),男,山西人,在读博士生,从事海岸环境变化与可持续发展管理研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“长江三角洲海岸环境变化的易损范围与易损性评估研究”(编号:49871076)和中国科学院“九五”重点项目“中国海岸环境变化的岸滩响应及对经济持续发展的影响”(编号:KZ952-J1-010)联合资助。

RESPONSE OF COAST TO SEA-LEVEL RISE:A REVIEW OF STUDY METHODS

LI Heng-peng, YANG Gui-shan   

  1. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 210008,China
  • Received:1999-10-17 Revised:2000-05-29 Online:2000-10-01 Published:2000-10-01

海岸带是人口最稠密的地带,全世界几乎一半的人口生活在沿海地区[1](根据UNCEDDE的定义,以距海岸线150 km计)。受全球变化,尤其是21世纪海平面加速上升的影响,海岸将发生复杂的形态响应过程,包括海岸侵蚀、滩地淹没和湿地沉积平衡的调整等,从而危害人类的生存和发展,引起世界沿海各国政府和科学界的广泛关注。从海平面上升海岸响应历史记录研究、海岸均衡剖面研究和形态响应模拟研究三个方面概述了海平面上升海岸形态响应的国内外研究进展,并对各种研究方法的适用范围、优点及局限性进行了讨论。

The coasts, the belts of 150 km from coastline (according to the definition of UNCEDDE) are the areas with the most dense population, about one half of the world. Affected by the accelerated sea-level rise in the next century, the coasts will response by the complicated process, which pose threats to the surviving of the mankind and result in the unsustainable development of coastal area. The threats have been concerned by the worldwide people. In this paper, the study methods of coast response to SLR are reviewed, including the coast response record, the equilibrium profile and the numerical stimulation. These methods have their own application ranges, advantages and limitations. Historical trend analysis is a simple method and easy to be implemented. By this method, the trend of evolution in past and present can be known. The trend of the future is inaccurate because the short records and the different environment feature in the future. There are lots of reports about the comparative research with the Quaternary coast evolution, but it' s not accurate enough to predict the trend of the next century due to the resolution of measure is poor and the scale of time is different. We only implement qualitative research by this method. The equilibrium profile study is easy to be implemented and relative accurate to the sandy coast. Any coastal profile will change continuously in response to the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. Thus an instantaneous profile may not represent the equilibrium state. The equilibrium profile should be temporally-averaged and stable over the temporal scale on which the equilibrium is considered. To the wetland, we can not confirm the existence of equilibrium and the formation of the equilibrium due to the complex organic sediment. The prediction is not appropriate and the response time which affect the accurate of prediction should be considered. With the development of the computer, the researchers have made the great progress. At relatively little coast, we can model the trend of response to the different sea level rise scenery. The widest use of numerical model has been used to the engineering application. We need make a further study to the dynamic process of coast, which can improve the modeling result.

中图分类号: 

[1] Stephen B Olsen, James Tobey, Lynne Z Hale.基于学习的沿海管理[J].人类环境,1998, 27(8): 610~617.
[2] Woodworth P, Troite J. Sea level obsearving systems[J].Tiempo, 1998, 30(6):223~234.
[3] IPCC Response Strategies Working Group. Strategies for Adaptation to Sea Level Rise[R]. Geneva, 1990.
[4] 夏东兴,王文海,武桂秋,等.中国海岸侵蚀述要[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):468~475.
[5] Malcolm J Bray, Janet M. Hooke Prediction of soft-cliff retreat with accelerating sea-level rise[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1997, 13(2): 453~467.
[6] Kana T W, Baca B J, Williams M L. Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Wetland Around Charleston, Shouth Carolina[R]. EPA Washington DC, 1986. 230~235.
[7] 江苏省滩涂研究所.江苏滩涂研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992. 195~208.
[8] 季子修,蒋自巽,朱季文.海平面上升对长江三角洲附近沿海潮滩湿地的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(6):582~590.
[9] 施雅风,赵希涛.中国气候与海平面变化及其趋势和影响:中国海平面变化[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1995. 4~7,370~384.
[10] 赵希涛,耿秀山,张景文.中国东部20 000年来海平面变化[J].海洋学报,1979,1(2):269~281.
[11] Fairbanks R G. A 17,00 year glacio-eustatic sealevel record: influence of glacial melting rating on Younger Dryas Event and deep circulation[J]. Nature, 1989, 342: 637~642.
[12] Jelgersma S, Van der Zijp M, Brinkman R. Sealevel rise and the coastal lowlands in the developing world[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1993, 9(4): 985~972.
[13] 谢志仁.海平面变化与环境变迁[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1995. 113~125.
[14] 崔承琦,李学伦,印萍.黄河三角洲地貌环境体系[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1994,专刊:1~8.
[15] Gao Shu, Michael Collins. Equilibrium coastal profiles I: review and synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 1998, 16(2): 97~107.
[16] Gao Shu, Michael Collins, John Gross. Equilibrium coastal profiles II: evidence from EOF analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 1998, 16(3): 193~205.
[17] Dean R G. Equilibrium Beach Profiles: US At;Antic and Gulf Coasts[R]. Ocean Engineering Report No 12. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark,Delaware,1977.35~42.
[18] Kevin R Bodge. Representing equilibrium beach profiles with an exponential expression[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1992, 8(1): 47~55.
[19] Bruun P. Sea-level rise as a cause of shore erosion. American Society of Civil Engineers Proceedings[J]. Journal Water-ways and Harbors Division, 1962,88(WWI): 117~130.
[20] 陈西庆,陈吉余.长江三角洲海岸剖面闭合深度的研究——Bruun法则及其应用的基本问题[J].地理学报,1998,53(4):27~26.
[21] 王颖,吴小根.海平面变化与海滩侵蚀[J].地理学报,1995,50(2):118~127.
[22] 季子修,蒋自巽,朱季文,等.海平面上升对长江三角洲和苏北滨海平原海岸侵蚀的可能影响[J].地理学报, 1993,48(6):516~526.
[23] Shepard F P. Beach profile modeling: flume data comparions and Southern California: U S Army Corps of Engineering conference[R]. Amer Soc Civil Engrs, 1950. 2 843~2 856.
[24] Wright L D, Short A D. Morphodynamics of Beachsurf zones in Australia[A].In: Handbook of Coastal Processes and Erosion[C]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1983. 35~64.
[25] Paul D Komar. The modeling of progresses and morphology in the coastal zone-reflections on the maturity of our science[J]. Shore &Beach, 1998, 66(1): 10~22.
[26] 张海文,陶建华.近岸波、流作用下结构物附近海岸演变的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,2000,22(1): 117~123.
[27] 曹祖德,王佳芬.波浪掀沙、潮流输沙的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,1993,15(1):107~118.
[28] 樊社军,虞志英,金 .淤泥质岸滩侵蚀堆积动力机制及剖面模式——以连云港地区淤泥质海岸为例[J].海洋学报,1997,19(3):67~85.
[29] 秦崇仁,贺江成.一线模型在海岸演变预报中的应用[J].海洋学报,1997,19(5):124~132.
[30] Gravens M B, Kraus N C, Hanson H. GENSIS: Generalized Model For Simulating Shoreline change[R]. Report2 Work-book and System User' s manual: technical Report,1991.
[31] Hans Hanson. Genesis—a generalized shoreline change numerical model[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1989, 5(1):1~27.
[32] Robert S Young, Orrin HPilkey, David M,et al. A Discussion of the generalized for simulating shoreline change (GEN-ESIS)[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1995, 11(3): 875~886.
[33] Jonathan R French. Numerical Simulation of vertical marsh growth and adjustment to accelerated sea-level rise, north Norfolk, UK[J]. Earth Surface Processes &Land-forms,1993, 18: 63~81.
[34] 时钟,Pye K,陈吉余.潮滩盐沼物理过程的研究进展综述[J].地球科学进展,1995,10(1):19~30.

[1] 李欣泽, 金会军, 吴青柏, 魏彦京, 温智. 北极多年冻土区埋地输气管道周边温度场数值分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 69-82.
[2] 董治宝,吕萍,李超. 火星风沙地貌研究方法[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(8): 771-788.
[3] 李琼,王姣姣,潘保田. 构造和降水对祁连山北麓冲积扇演化影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(6): 607-617.
[4] 王蓉, 张强, 岳平, 黄倩. 大气边界层数值模拟研究与未来展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 331-349.
[5] 王冰笛, 李清泉, 沈新勇, 董李丽, 汪方, 王涛, 梁信忠. 区域气候模式 CWRF对东亚冬季风气候特征的模拟[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(3): 319-330.
[6] 王坚红,张萌,任淑媛,王兴,苗春生. 太行山脉地形坡度对下山锋面气旋暴雨影响模拟研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(7): 717-730.
[7] 张晨,王清,赵建民. 海洋微塑料输运的数值模拟研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(1): 72-83.
[8] 王世红, 赵一丁, 尹训强, 乔方利. 全球海洋再分析产品的研究现状[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(8): 794-807.
[9] 温家洪, 袁穗萍, 李大力, 王璐阳, 张敏, 杜士强. 海平面上升及其风险管理[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(4): 350-360.
[10] 李正泉, 宋丽莉, 马浩, 冯涛, 王阔. 海上风能资源观测与评估研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(8): 800-810.
[11] 陆雯茜, 吴涧. 气溶胶影响印度夏季风和东亚夏季风的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(3): 248-257.
[12] 栾贻花, 俞永强, 郑伟鹏. 全球高分辨率气候系统模式研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(3): 258-268.
[13] 张华, 韩广轩, 王德, 薛钦昭, 骆永明. 基于生态工程的海岸带全球变化适应性防护策略[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(9): 996-1005.
[14] 黄擎宇, 刘伟, 张艳秋, 石书缘, 王坤. 白云石化作用及白云岩储层研究进展 *[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(5): 539-551.
[15] 孙运宝, 赵铁虎, 秦柯. 南海北部白云凹陷沉积压实作用对浅水流超压演化影响数值模拟[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(9): 1055-1064.
阅读次数
全文


摘要