地球科学进展 ›› 1999, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 566 -570. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1999.06.0566

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

深海橄榄岩研究进展
王金荣, 郭原生   
  1. 兰州大学地质系,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:1999-05-04 修回日期:1999-07-28 出版日期:1999-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 王金荣,男,1958年2月出生于福建蒲田市,副教授,主要从事大地构造学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“华北地台北缘西段中元古至早古生代地壳演化及成矿”(编号:49572152)资助。

ADVANCE IN STUDY OF ABYSSAL PERIDOTITES

WANG Jinrong GUO Yuansheng   

  1. Department of Geology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou730000,China
  • Received:1999-05-04 Revised:1999-07-28 Online:1999-12-01 Published:1999-12-01

很久以来,深海橄榄岩一直被认为是洋中脊下地幔熔融残留体,但最近深海橄榄岩实际矿物组分研究和全岩化学成分重建的结果表明,深海橄榄岩是洋脊下地幔熔融残留体和过量橄榄石的混合物。深海橄榄岩的成因是洋脊下上隆地幔降压熔融作用和熔体上升通过地幔最上部的热边界层时发生冷却、结晶出橄榄石的联合作用的结果。地幔熔融程度越高,深海橄榄岩越亏损,则含有越多的过量橄榄石。为此,只要把深海橄榄岩中过量的橄榄石剔除后,其实际矿物组分就能有效地反映洋脊下地幔熔融作用和熔融萃取过程。

Abyssal peridotites have been long interpreted to be residues of mantle melting beneath midocean ridges,but the recent studies of their modal proportions and reconstructed whole-rock compositions show that they are mixtures of mantle melting residues and excess olivine beneath an ocean ridge.The origin of abyssal peridotites results from a combination of decompression melting of upwelling mantle and olivine crystallization as a result of cooling of acending melts passing through the cold thermal boundary layer atop the mantle.The greater the extent of mantle melting,the more depleted the peridotites,and the higher the excess olivine contents.Hence peridotite modes can be used to reflect efficiently mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges only if the excess olivine is removed appropriately.

中图分类号: 

〔1〕Kelemen P B,Dick H J B.Focused melt flow and localized deformation in the upper mantle;juxtaposition of replacive dunite and ductile shear zones in the Josephine Peridotite,SW Oregon〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1995,100:423~438.
〔2〕Boudier F,Sueur E Le,Nicolas A.Stucture of an atypical ophiolite:the Trinity Complex,eastern Klamath Mountains,California〔J〕.Geol Soc Am Bull,1989,101:820~833.
〔3〕Cannat M,Bideau D,Hebert R.Plastic deformation and magmatic impregnation in serpentinized ultramafic rocks from the Garrett transform fault(East Pacific Rise)〔J〕.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1990,101:216~232.
〔4〕Dick HJ B,Fisher R L,Bryan W B.Mineralogical variability of the uppermost mantle along mid-ocean ridges〔J〕.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1984,69:88~106.
〔5〕Niu Y.Mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges:Evidence from abyssal peridotites〔J〕.J Petrol,1997,38:1 047~1 074.
〔6〕McKenzie D,Bickle M J.The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere〔J〕.J Petrol,1988,29:625~679.
〔7〕Batiza R,Niu Y,Karsten J L,et al.Steady and non-steady state magma chambers below the East Pacific Rise〔J〕.Geophy Res Lett,1996,23:221~224.
〔8〕Sinton J M,Detrick R S.Mid-ocean ridge magma chambers〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1992,97:197~216.
〔9〕Niu Y,Hekinian R.Basaltic liquids and harzburgitic residues in the Garrett transform:a case study at fast-spreading ridges〔J〕.Earth and Planet Sci Lett,1997,146:243~258.
〔10〕Niu Y,Langmuir C H,Kinzler R J.Origin of abyssal peridotites: a new perspective〔J〕.Earth and Planet Sci Lett,1997,152:251~265.
〔11〕Prinz M,Keil Green J A,Reid A M,et al.Ultramafic and mafic dredge samples from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge and fracture zones〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1976,81:4087~4103.
〔12〕Hamlyn P R,Bonatti E.Petrology of mantle derived ultramafics from the Owen Fracture zone,Northwest Indian Ocean:implications for the nature of the oceanic upper mantle〔J〕.Earth and Planet Sci Lett,1980,48:65~79.
〔13〕Dick H J B.Abyssal peridotites,very slow spreading ridges and ocean ridge magmatism〔A〕.In:Saunders A D, Norry M J, eds.Magmatism in the Ocean Basins〔C〕.Geol Soci Spec Pub,1989,42:71~105.
〔14〕Hekinian R,Bideau D,Cannat M,et al.Volcanic activity and crust-mantle exposure in the ultrafast Garrett transform fault near 13°28′S in the Pacific〔J〕.Earth and Planet Sci Lett,1992,108:259~273.
〔15〕Hekinian R,Bideau D,Franchteau J,et al.Petrology of the East Pacific Rise crust and upper mantle exposed in Hess Deep (eastern equatorial Pacific)〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1993,98:8 069~8 094.
〔16〕Elthon D.Chemical trends in abyssal peridotites:refertilization of depleted oceanic mantle〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1992,97:9 015~9 025.
〔17〕Juteau T,Berger E,Cannat M.Serpentinized,residual mantle peridotites from the MAR median valley,ODP Hole 670A (21°10′N, 45°02′W, Leg 109 ): Primary mineralogy and geothermometry〔A〕.Proc Ocean Drill Progr 106/109〔C〕.1990.27~45.
〔18〕Baker M B,Stolper E M.Determining the composition of high-pressure mantle melts using diamond aggregates〔J〕.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58:2 811~2 827.
〔19〕Walter M J,Presnall D C.Melting behavior of simplified lherzolite in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O form 7 to 35 kbar〔J〕.J Petrol,1994,35:329~359.
〔20〕Walter M J,Sisson T W,Presnall D C.A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite〔J〕.Earth and Planet Sci Lett,1995,135:77~90.
〔21〕Klein E M,Langmuir C H.Global Correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1987,92:8 089~8 115.
〔22〕Langmuir C H,Klein E M,Plank T.Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts:constranints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges〔A〕.In:Phipps Morgan J,Blackman D K, Sinton J K, eds.Mantle Flow and Melt Ceneration at Mid-ocean Ridges〔C〕.Am Geophys Union Monog,1992,71:183~280.
〔23〕Bickle M J.Implications of melting for stabilization of the Iithosphere and heat loss in the Archaean〔J〕.Earth and Planet Sci Lett,1986,80:314~324.
〔24〕Niu Y,Batiza R.In-situ densities of silicate melts and minerals as a function of temperature,perssure,and composition〔J〕.J Geol,1991,99:767~775.
〔25〕Niu Y,Batiza R.An empirical method for calculating melt compositions produced beneath mid-ocean ridges:application for axis and off-axis(seamounts)melting〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1991,96:21 753~21 777.
〔26〕Johnson K T M,Dick HJ B,Shimizu N.Melting in the oceanic upper mantle: an ion microprobe study of diopside in abyssal peridotites〔J〕.J Geophys Res 1990,95:2 661~2678.
〔27〕Johnson K T M,Dick H J B.Open system melting and the temporal and spatial variation of perdotite and basalt compositions at the AtlantisⅡF Z〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1992,97:9219~9 241.
〔28〕Dick HJ B,Natland J H.Late-stage melt evloution and transport in the shallow mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise〔A〕.In:Mevel C,Gills K M,Allan J F, eds.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,147〔C〕.College Station,TX:Ocean Drilling Program,1996.103~134.
〔29〕Constantin M,Hekinian R,Ackermand D,et al.Mafic and ultramafic intrusions into upper mantle peridotites from fast spreading centers of the Easter microplate(southeast Pacific)〔A〕.In:Visser R L M,Nicolas A, eds.Mantle and Lower Crust Exposed in Oceanic Ridges and Ophiolites〔C〕.Dor-drecht:Kluwer,1995.71~120.
〔30〕Dick HJ B,Fisher R L.Mineralogic studies of the residues of mantle melting:abyssal and alpine-type peridotites〔A〕.In:Kornprobst J, ed. Proc the 3rd Int Kimberlite Conference〔C〕.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1984.295~308.
〔31〕Michael P J,Bonatti E.Peridotite composition from the North Atlantic: Regional and tectonic variations implications for partial melting〔J〕.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1985,73:91~104.
〔32〕Dick H J B,Bullen T B.Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas〔J〕.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1984,86:54~76.
〔33〕Niu Y,Hekinian R.Spreading rate dependence of the extent of mantle melting beneath ocean ridges〔J〕.Nature,1997,385:326~329.
〔34〕Presnall D C,Dixon T H,O' Connell T H,et al.Generation of mid-ocean ridge tholeiites〔J〕.J Petrol,1979,20:3~35.
〔35〕Stolper E.A phase diagram for mid-ocean ridge basalts:preliminary results and implications for petrogenesis〔J〕.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1980,74:13~27.
〔36〕Forsyth D W.Crustal thickness and the average depth and degree of melting in fractional melting models of passive flow beneath mid-ocean ridges〔J〕.J Geophys Res,1993,98:16073~16079.
〔37〕Kelemen P B,Shimizu N,Salters V J.Extraction of mid-ridge basalt from the upwelling mantle by focused flow of melt in dunite channels〔J〕.Nature,1995,375:747~753.

 

[1] 牛耀龄, 龚红梅, 王晓红, 肖媛媛, 郭鹏远, 邵凤丽, 孙普, 陈硕, 段梦, 孔娟娟, 王国栋, 薛琦琪, 高雅洁, 洪迪. 用非传统稳定同位素探索全球大洋玄武岩、深海橄榄岩成因和地球动力学的几个重要问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(2): 111-127.
[2] 李小虎,初凤友,雷吉江,赵建如. 慢速—超慢速扩张西南印度洋中脊研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(6): 595-603.
[3] 杨作升,范德江,李云海,王厚杰. 热液羽状流研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(10): 999-1007.
阅读次数
全文


摘要