地球科学进展 ›› 1995, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (5): 457 -463. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1995.05.0457

干旱气候变化与可持续发展 上一篇    下一篇

生物喀斯特及其微形态研究
张捷,包浩生   
  1. 南京大学大地海洋科学系  南京  210093
  • 收稿日期:1994-09-05 修回日期:1994-11-22 出版日期:1995-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 张捷
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“现代生物喀斯特侵蚀营力的研究”(编号:491091002)资助.

ON BIOKARST AND ITS MICROMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Zhang Jie,Bao Haosheng   

  1. Department of Geography,Nanjing University,Nanjing  2100093
  • Received:1994-09-05 Revised:1994-11-22 Online:1995-10-01 Published:1995-10-01

生物喀斯特是由生物作用和岩石的可溶性共同作用形成的特殊形态及其过程。本文在回顾和讨论了生物喀斯特的产生、定义、概念及其研究内容后,着重讨论了生物喀斯特微形态研究的概念、意义和研究方法,指出了生物喀斯特微形态研究是具有独特研究对象和方法以及重要理论实践意义的研究体系,提出了生物喀斯特微形态学的概念。

    Biokarst is a new area in Karst geomorphological research. Biokarst research covers biokarst phenomena and the associated characteristics,i. e. ,the character of its relieves ,its space distribution, geomorphogenic significances and the mechanisms of developing processes. The main areas of biokarst research are the followings:①On morphological approach to biokarst erosion, including types and geometric character of the relieves' the types of the organisms and their effects as well as distribution of organism on karst rocks, the relationship between relief and substrate;and the differences of erosional relief in various environments as well as the distribution of certain typical erosional relieves;② On the mechanisms and the processes of biokarst erosion;③On biokarst depositional forms, including microrelieves and fabrics;④On mechanism and processes of biokarst deposition.
    At present, the effective method for research of microrelieves is mainly observation. There are several types of observation as follows:①Systematic observation, ②Comparing observation,③Temporal observation,④Modelling observation.
    In conclusion, the study on micro relieves of biokarst is a special reserach system with its own characteristic objects and methodology as well as practical significance. The characteristics of its objects includes:①The scale emphasized in micro type,②The research objects including the organisms and the substrate as well as the products of its effect,which emphasized biological view,③The objects including some characteristic erosional phenominon in micro scales which differ to that in normal scale,e. g. some minerals like feldspar and quartz etc. may reserve some solutional pit in micro scale by bio-effects while in normal scale they are not soluble. It can be termed the "micromorphology of biokarst" for the system of the research on microrelieves of biokarst.

[1] Sollas W J. On the action of a lichen on a limestone. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Sciences,1980,586.
[2] Duerden J E. Boring algae as agents in the disintegration of corals. Bull of the American Museum of Natural History. 1902,16(4):323-332.
[3] Bathusrt R G. Boring Algae,micrite envelopes, and lithification of molliscan biosparties. Geological Journal,1966, 5 (1):15-32.
[4] Flugel E. (1978). Microfaces Analysis of limestone (English edition traps. by Christenson K.).Berlin & New York:  Springer-Verlag,1982,128-468.
[5] Jones R J. Aspects of the biological warnering of limestone pavement. Proceedings of Geologists Associations. 1965,76:421-433.
[6] Folk R L,Robert H H,Moore C H. Black-phytokarst from Hell,Cayman Islands,British West Indies. Bull Geol Sco of Am. ,1973,84(7):2351-2360.
[7] Bull P A,Laverty M. Observations on phytokarst. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie. NF. ,1982,26(4):437-457.
[8] Stoddart D R. Discriptive reef terminology. In: Stoddart D R ed. Coral reefs research methods. Paris:UNESCO ,        1978.
[9] Palmer A Sn. Geomorphic interpretation of karst features. In:La Fleur R G ed. Groundwater as a geomorphological agent. Boston:Allen & Unwin,1984. 173-209.
[10] Scheider J. Carbonate construction and decomposion by epilithic and endolithic micro-organisms in salt and freshwater. In: Flugel E ed. Fossil Algae. Berlin & New York: Springer-Verlag,1977. 248-260.
[11] Viles H A. Biokarst-review and prospect. Progress in Physical Geography,1984, 8(4):523-542.
[12] Viles H A. Organisms and karst geomorphology. In: Viles H A ed. Biogeomorphology.Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. 319-350.
[13] 邓自强.试论植物作用对热带岩溶发育的影响——以广西弄岗自然保护区为例.中国岩溶,1982,1(1):49-57.
[14] 张捷,李升峰,陈舒泛.石灰岩表面溶针孔的初步研究.中国岩溶,1991,10(2):151-160.
[15] 张捷.九寨沟地区喀斯特特征的初步研究.地理,1989,2(3):35-41.
[16] 朱德浩.九寨沟风景区和南斯拉夫普列特维采湖泊公园之比较.大自然探索,1986,5(16): 113-118.
[17] 郭卫星.川西北自然风景中钙华景观的形成和发育.山地研究,1988,16(1): 54-60.
[18] 周寅康.九寨沟钙华成因的研究.地理,1989,2(3):42-48.
[19] 张捷.地表喀斯特沉积中藻类作用的观察研究.地理研究,1992,11(2):26-33.
[20] Ford D,Williams P. Karst geomorphology and hydrology. London Unwin Hyman Ltd,1989. 1,2,375-388.
[21] Jakucs L. Morphogenitics of karst regions (English Edition trans. by B. Balkay). 1st Edition,Bristol:Adam Hilger, 1977. 17.
[22] 任美得,刘振中等.岩溶学概论.北京:商务印书馆,1982 :4.
[23] Wilson M J,Jones D. Lichen weathering of minerals, implications for pedogenesis. In: Residual deposits. Special publications of the Geological Society. 1983:5-12.
[24] Jones D,Wilson M J. Chemical activity of lichens on mineral surfaces-a review. International Biodeterioration. 1985,21(2):99-104.
[25] Viles H A. Blue-green algae and terrestrial limestone weathering on Alsabra Atoll:A SEM and light microscopic study. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1987,12(3):319-330.
[26] Ascaso C,Galven J. Robriguen-Pascual C: The weathering of calcarous rocks by lichens. Peddabiologia, 1982, 24:219-229.
[27] Viles H A. A quantitative scanning microscope study of evidence for lichen weathering of limestone,Mendip Hill, Somerdet.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1987,12(4):467-473.
[28] Emeis K C,Richnow H H,Kempe S. Travertine formation in Plitvice National Park ,Yugoslavia-chemical versus biological control. Sedimentology,1987,34(4):595-609.
[29] Pentecost A,Bauld J. Nucleation of calcite on the sheaths of Cyanobacteria using a simple diffusion cell. Geomicro biology Journa1,1988,6:129-135.
[30] Jennings J N.Karst Geomorphology.l st Edition. Oxford:Basil Blackwell Ltd,1985.83.
[31] Viels H A,Trudhill S T. Longterm measurements of micro-erosion meter sitesm Aldabra Atoll,Indian Ocean. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1984,9(1):89-94.
[32] Danin A,Gerson R. Weathering patterns on hard limestone and dolomite by endolithic lichens and cyanobacteria-Supporting evidences for eolian contribution to Terra Rossa soil. Soil Science,1983,136(4):213-317.
[33] Syers J L,Iskander I K. Pedogenic significane of lichens. In:Anmadjan V,Hale ME Ed. The Lichens. 1st Edition, N Y & London: Academic Press,1973.225-248.
[34] Hale M E. The biology of lichens. 3rd Edition.Sydney:Edward Arnold,1983.139-140.
[35] Danin A,Garty J. Distribution of Cyanobacteria and lichens on hillsides of the Negev Highlands and their impacts on bogenic weathering. Z Geomorph N F,1983,27(4):423-444.
[36] Seaward M R. Lichen damage to ancient monuments-a case study. Lichenologits,1988,20(3):291-295.
[37] 包浩生,张捷.生物喀斯特徽形态特征研究.包浩生主编.任美锷教授80华诞地理文集.南京:南京大学出版社,1993. 172-179.
[38] Carriber H R. Comparative Calcibiocavitology: Summary and conclusions. American Zoologist,1969,9,1011-1020.
[39] 王福星,曹建华等.生物岩溶.北京:地质出版社,1993.
[40] 张捷.喀斯特侵蚀过中藻类作用的微形态研究.地理学报,1993,48(3):235-243.
[41] 张捷.地衣喀斯特侵蚀作用的初步研究.地理学报,1993,48(5):437-446.
[42] 曹建华.王福星等.桂林地区石灰岩表面生物岩溶溶蚀作用研究.中国岩溶,1993,5(1):32-39.
[43] 张捷,包浩生,李春华.福建永安石林地貌的现代生物喀斯特侵蚀营力.山地研究,1994,12(3):136-140.
[45] 张捷,李升峰,陈舒泛等.南京梁代石刻徽侵蚀的研究.地理学报,1994,49(5):418-428.

[1] 靳桂云. 土壤微形态分析及其在考古学中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(2): 197-200.
阅读次数
全文


摘要