地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 559 -576. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.046

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土壤改良对土壤有机碳和岩溶作用影响机制及其碳汇效应
黄炜怡1,2,3(), 黄芬2,3(), 谢银财2,3, 郭永丽2,3, 曹建华2,3, 支传顺4   
  1. 1. 桂林理工大学 地球科学学院,广西 桂林 541004
    2. 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、 广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西 桂林 541004
    3. 广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广西 平果 531406
    4. 济南大学 水利与环境学院,山东 济南 250022
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-05-23 出版日期:2025-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 黄芬

Mechanism of Soil Improvement Affecting Soil Organic Carbon and Karst Processes: Implications for Carbon Sequestration

Weiyi HUANG1,2,3(), Fen HUANG2,3(), Yincai XIE2,3, Yongli GUO2,3, Jianhua CAO2,3, Chuanshun ZHI4   

  1. 1. College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China
    2. Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences / Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR / International Research Center on Karst, under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China
    3. Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo Guangxi 531406, China
    4. School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-05-23 Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-08-04
  • Contact: Fen HUANG
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1300705); The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277077)

近年来,在全球气候变化背景下,土壤改良作为提升土壤碳汇能力和优化岩溶作用的关键策略,受到广泛关注。基于文献计量学方法,对1990—2024年中英文期刊发表的相关文献进行计量分析和知识图谱绘制,系统梳理了土壤改良对土壤碳循环的影响和岩溶碳汇调控机制研究的发展趋势和现状。结果表明,1990—2024年WoS和CNKI数据库分别收录相关文献712篇和468篇,文献类型以原创研究论文为主,34年间发文量呈波动上涨趋势,整体分为萌芽期(2005年前)、增长期(2005—2013年)及快速发展期(2013年后)3个阶段,英文期刊发文量高于中文期刊。在主题演进方面,英文文献早期聚焦生物炭固碳机制与温室气体排放规律,逐步转向土壤微生物功能基因与氮磷养分循环的协同增效路径,呈现出由机理解析向应用型微生物—养分耦合调控的转型特征;中文文献则从土壤呼吸、水分及重金属等基础指标监测拓展至土壤团聚体调控、微生物群落优化及改良手段的系统研究,并构建了碳库管理指数评估体系以指导实践。岩溶区低产土壤改良主要集中于改良手段对岩溶作用的影响及其与区域土壤之间的碳平衡关系。进一步讨论了岩溶碳汇与土壤改良的双向耦合关系——高浓度土壤CO2驱动碳酸盐岩风化,而改良手段通过改善土壤质量等方式进一步提升碳汇效应。为促进岩溶区土壤改良研究,建议建立土壤改良提升岩溶碳汇的计量方法及改良数据库;结合岩溶区土壤富钙偏碱特性,系统评估改良措施对生态修复与农业可持续发展的协同效应,为全球碳中和提供科学支撑。通过土壤改良技术提升土壤碳汇和岩溶碳汇潜力,以应对气候变化,推动岩溶区生态修复与农业可持续发展的深度融合,助力我国“双碳”目标的实现。

Soil improvement plays a critical role in enhancing the soil carbon sink capacity and optimizing karst processes under global climate change. Using bibliometric methods, this study analyzed literature from Chinese and English journals (1990-2024), focusing on the regulatory mechanisms linking soil improvement to soil carbon cycling and karst carbon sinks. The Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases indexed 712 and 468 relevant articles, respectively, most of them original research papers. Article numbers showing a fluctuating upward trend over the 34 years. This process can be divided into three phases: germination (before 2005), growth phase (2005-2013), and rapid development (after 2013). English-language journals published more articles than Chinese-language journals. The English-language literature initially focused on biochar carbon sequestration mechanisms and greenhouse gas emissions. Over time, the focus shifted towards the synergistic regulation of soil microbial functional genes and nitrogen-phosphorus nutrient cycling, reflecting a transition from mechanism-based analysis to application-oriented microbial-nutrient coupling. Chinese-language literature has expanded from monitoring basic indicators, such as soil respiration, moisture, and heavy metals, to systematic research on soil aggregate regulation, microbial community optimization, and improvement techniques. In addition, a Carbon-Pool Management Index (CPMI) is established to guide practical applications. In low-productivity karst regions, soil improvement efforts primarily assesses improvement measures on karst processes and the soil carbon balance. This study explored the bidirectional coupling relationship between karst carbon sinks and soil improvement. Specifically, high concentrations of soil CO2 drive carbonate rock weathering, whereas improvement measures enhance the carbon sink effect by improving soil quality. To advance soil improvement research in karst areas, it is recommended to establish a quantification method for measuring the increase in karst carbon sinks due to soil improvement and develop a database. Furthermore, considering the calcium-rich and alkaline characteristics of karst soils, the synergistic effects of improvement measures on ecological restoration and sustainable agricultural should be evaluated to provide scientific support for global carbon neutrality. By leveraging soil improvement technologies, we can enhance soil and karst carbon sinks, address climate change more effectively, promote the integration of ecological restoration and sustainable agricultural development in karst regions, and contribute to the achievement of China’s Dual Carbon Goals.

中图分类号: 

图1 19902024年土壤改良领域年度发文量和发文趋势
Fig. 1 Annual publication output and evolving publication trends in the field of soil improvement from 1990 to 2024
表1 土壤改良对碳循环影响的相关中英文文献来源类型
Table 1 Types of sources for English and Chinese academic literature
图2 有关土壤改良研究的英文文献中出现5次以上关键词的共现网络图
Fig. 2 Visualization of the co-occurrence network for keywords appearing with a frequency of five or more in English literature
图3 有关土壤改良研究的中文文献中出现5次以上关键词的共现网络图
Fig. 3 Visualization of the co-occurrence network for keywords appearing with a frequency of five or more in Chinese literature
图4 英文文献土壤改良主要关键词时间演变趋势
Fig. 4 The temporal evolution and trend analysis of key terms associated with soil improvement in English literature
图5 中文文献土壤改良主要关键词时间演变趋势
Fig. 5 The temporal evolution and trend analysis of key terms associated with soil improvement in Chinese literature
图6 常见土壤改良手段对土壤质量和有机碳的影响模式
Fig. 6 The impact patterns of conventional soil improvement practices on soil quality and organic carbon content
表2 土壤改良对土壤有机碳含量影响
Table 2 Effects of soil improvement on Soil Organic CarbonSOCcontent
改良方案 有机碳含量 研究结论 参考文献
生物炭0 mg/hm2(0~15 cm) 43.975 mg/kg(DOC) 生物炭的长期添加显著提高了土壤中有机碳含量,土壤DOC的增量与生物炭添加量成正比 77
生物炭0 mg/hm2(15~30 cm) 48.945 mg/kg(DOC)
生物炭30 mg/hm2(0~15 cm) 47.289 mg/kg(DOC)
生物炭30 mg/hm2(15~30 cm) 48.795 mg/kg(DOC)
生物炭60 mg/hm2(0~15 cm) 50.904 mg/kg(DOC)
生物炭60 mg/hm2(15~30 cm) 53.313 mg/kg(DOC)
生物炭90 mg/hm2(0~15 cm) 51.506 mg/kg(DOC)
生物炭90 mg/hm2(15~30 cm) 56.024 mg/kg(DOC)
未施肥对照 3 770 mg/kg(SOC) 15年的对比实验证明,化肥和有机肥的施用均可提高潮土有机碳含量,且有机肥对土壤有机碳提高效果更佳 75
NPK无机肥 5 280 mg/kg(SOC)
1/2有机肥 6 630 mg/kg(SOC)
全有机肥 8 100 mg/kg(SOC)
未施肥对照 11.4 mg C/hm2(SOC) 实验证明堆肥能够有效提高SOC含量,秸秆还田对SOC含量影响较小 76
NPK无机肥 15.9 mg C/hm2(SOC)
N-堆肥 23.7 mg C/hm2(SOC)
1/2无机肥+1/2N-堆肥 23.5 mg C/hm2(SOC)
无机肥+秸秆 16.6 mg C/hm2(SOC)
N-堆肥+秸秆 19.5 mg C/hm2(SOC)
未施肥对照

2 730 mg/kg(SOC)

51.06 mg/kg(DOC)

生物炭的长期添加显著提高了土壤中SOC含量,但无机碳与玉米秸秆的改良方案积累的含量最高 78
无机肥

3 940 mg/kg(SOC)

70.21 mg/kg(DOC)

无机肥+玉米秸秆

5 910 mg/kg(SOC)

118.09 mg/kg(DOC)

无机肥+秸秆生物炭

8 030 mg/kg(SOC)

75.53 mg/kg(DOC)

图7 岩溶区土壤改良影响岩溶作用模式图 岩溶区土壤改良影响包括:①促进作物生长,并降低因土壤呼吸而产生的CO2排放量;②土壤团聚体间间隙增大,有助于土壤中水、肥、气的协调与贮存;③提高土壤中有效营养元素含量,进一步增强岩溶区土壤碳储量及土中微生物活性;④加速土壤矿化作用,提升作物根呼吸及土中微生物呼吸速率,使土壤CO2浓度上升;⑤基于表层土壤中CO2浓度的提高,土—岩界面及基岩处发生的岩溶作用反应速率加快,提高了地下水中钙镁离子和溶解无机碳的含量。
Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of the impact of soil improvement practices in karst regions on karstification dynamics The effects of soil improvement in karst regions encompass the following aspects: ① Enhancing crop growth while mitigating CO2 emissions from soil respiration; ② Expanding inter-aggregate pore spaces, thereby facilitating the balance and retention of water, nutrients, and air within the soil matrix; ③ Elevating the concentration of bioavailable nutrients, which further augments soil carbon sequestration capacity and microbial activity in karst soils; ④ Accelerating soil mineralization processes, leading to increased root respiration rates in crops and heightened microbial respiration, consequently elevating soil CO2 concentrations; ⑤ With the rise in CO2 levels in surface soils, the rate of karstification reactions at the soil-rock interface and within bedrock is expedited, resulting in elevated concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions as well as dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater.
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