地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 604 -620. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.042

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

海洋有机气溶胶研究进展
伊懿喆1(), 王玉珏1(), 李淑彬1, 张怡文1, 范中祥2, 孙亦旸3, 朱佳雷3, 袁琦1, 张潮1, 姚小红1, 高会旺1   
  1. 1.中国海洋大学 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
    2.中国海洋大学 物理海洋 教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
    3.天津大学 地球系统科学学院,天津 300072
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 修回日期:2025-05-30 出版日期:2025-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 王玉珏 E-mail:yiyizhe@163.com;wangyujue@ouc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2024YFC2815800);国家自然科学基金项目(42205103)

Research Progress on Marine Organic Aerosols

Yizhe YI1(), Yujue WANG1(), Shubin LI1, Yiwen ZHANG1, Zhongxiang FAN2, Yiyang SUN3, Jialei ZHU3, Qi YUAN1, Chao ZHANG1, Xiaohong YAO1, Huiwang GAO1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
    2.Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
    3.School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • Received:2025-04-03 Revised:2025-05-30 Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-08-04
  • Contact: Yujue WANG E-mail:yiyizhe@163.com;wangyujue@ouc.edu.cn
  • About author:YI Yizhe, research area includes sea spray aerosol. E-mail: yiyizhe@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2815800);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42205103)

海洋气溶胶是全球最重要的天然源气溶胶之一,不仅对地球辐射平衡和全球气候具有重要影响,更是调控“海洋—大气—气候”系统相互作用的关键要素。有机物作为海洋气溶胶的重要组分,对亚微米气溶胶的贡献可达50%以上。然而对海洋有机气溶胶组成和源汇机制研究的缺乏和了解的不足,直接限制了对海洋气溶胶气候效应的准确评估。通过综述海洋有机气溶胶的研究方法、分布规律、化学组成特征、主要来源和生成机制,为全面认识海洋有机气溶胶的国内外相关研究进展提供了重要资料,并在此基础上提出未来需要重点关注的方向。目前,对海洋有机气溶胶化学组成的解析主要集中在荧光组分和水溶性有机物,而在分子水平上的定性和定量解析存在较大缺失。在高浮游植物活动或强陆源传输影响的海域,海洋有机气溶胶通常呈现高值;不同海域海洋有机气溶胶的来源由海洋飞沫排放或二次生成主导,造成其组分和特性存在显著差异。当前,现场观测资料的不足限制了对海洋有机气溶胶生成过程和调控机制的深入理解,也制约了实验室模拟和模式研究的进一步推进。展望未来,应充分利用现场观测、实验室模拟和模式研究的融合优势,从现象到机制层面,深入理解海洋有机气溶胶的源—汇过程和气候调节作用。

Marine aerosols are among the most important natural aerosols globally, playing key roles in the Earth’s radiation balance and climate change. They are a critical link between the ocean, atmosphere, and climate. Organic matter constitute a significant fraction of marine aerosols and can contribute up to 50% of submicron aerosol mass. Missing knowledge of the composition and formation of Marine Organic Aerosols (MOA) hinders the accurate evaluation of their climatic effects. This paper reviews research methods, spatial and temporal distribution patterns, chemical composition characteristics, and sources of MOA, providing a comprehensive summary of the domestic and international progress in marine organic aerosols, and proposes key research directions for future studies. Current research on the chemical nature was mainly focused on the fluorescent or water-soluble components, whereas the characterization or quantification of MOA molecular components remains largely unknown. Marine organic aerosols are generally abundant in regions with high phytoplankton activity or those under strong influence from transported continental pollutants. Their sources include sea-spray emissions or secondary formation processes across different sea areas, resulting in distinct MOA compositions and chemical properties. Currently, the limited of observational data limits our deep understanding of MOA formation and further investigation via laboratory experiments or modelling simulations. In the future, integrating observational, experimental, and modeling simulations should be combined to improve our understanding of the sources, sinks, and climate regulations of marine organic aerosols.

中图分类号: 

表1 海洋有机气溶胶的观测研究
Table 1 Observation studies on Marine Organic AerosolsMOA
观测站点/海域采样时间测量仪器主要研究内容参考文献
Mace Head站点2009—2011年扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪(SMPS)、吸湿性串联差分电迁移率粒径分析仪(HTDMA)和气溶胶质谱仪(AMS)

MOA粒径分布

组分和吸湿性

2629-30
CVAO站点2017年9~10月高效阴离子交换色谱串联安培检测、超高效液相色谱结合电喷雾静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Orbitrap MS)和火焰离子检测器

碳水化合物

氨基酸

脂质

19
2007—2011年离子色谱乙二酸31
花鸟岛站点2019年春、夏、秋、冬

紫外—可见分光光度计

同位素质谱仪

棕色碳21

总有机碳/总氮分析仪

离子色谱

水溶性有机氮22
东亚陆架海2021年5~6月离子色谱低分子量有机胺32
2019年12月在线离子色谱有机胺33
2023年4~5月

紫外—可见分光光度计

荧光分光光度计

MOA光学性质34
2018年3~4月

气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)

热脱附GC-MS

有机分子示踪物35
2019年春、夏、秋、冬UHPLC-Orbitrap MS生物源有机硫酸酯36
大西洋2017年5~6月飞行时间气溶胶化学分析仪(ToF-ACSM)MOA化学组成类别37
2015年11月、2016年5月、2017年9月和2018年4月离线热脱附化学电离质谱(TD-CIMS)有机分子组成38
2011—2012年春、秋

HTDMA

高分辨率飞行时间气溶胶质谱仪(HR-ToF-AMS)

MOA吸湿性

MOA化学组成类别

39
太平洋1992年9~10月GC-MS羟基脂肪酸40
2014年3~4月和2015年3~5月离子色谱、荧光检测器水溶性有机氮41
2002年9~10月和2004年3月离子色谱、总有机碳/总氮分析仪水溶性有机氮42
2014年3~4月GC-MS有机分子示踪物43
2014年3~4月在线离子色谱有机胺44
2015年4~5月超高效傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FTICR MS)水溶性MOA分子组成45
2014年3~4月和2016年3~4月荧光显微镜生物气溶胶46
南大洋2017年11月至2018年2月

在线离子色谱

单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SP-AMS)

甲磺酸47
北冰洋2017年8~9月

高效液相色谱

紫外—可见分光光度计

荧光分光光度计

一次MOA的光学性质48
图1 海洋有机气溶胶的走航观测和模拟研究
(a)“东方红3”科考船西北太平洋走航观测;(b)Polarstern科考船大西洋走航观测;(c)美国航空航天局全球飞机航测;(d)海洋飞沫气溶胶(SSA)实验室模拟装置;(e)波浪水槽式SSA实验室模拟装置;(f)海扫—鼓泡式SSA走航模拟装置;(g)SSA船基模拟装置950-54
Fig. 1 Investigation of marine organic aerosols via cruise observation and laboratory simulation experiments
(a) R/V Dongfanghong 3” over the northwest Pacific Ocean; (b) R/VPolarstern over the Atlantic Ocean; (c) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) global airborne campaign, named Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission; (d) Laboratory Sea Spray Aerosol (SSA) simulation tank using diffuser and plunging jet; (e) Laboratory SSA simulation using a wave channel; (f) Sea Sweep-SSA simulation using diffusers; (g) Onboard SSA simulation950-54.
图2 海洋有机气溶胶浓度的空间分布30416191-99
饼图大小表示对应海域大气气溶胶中总的有机碳浓度。
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of marine organic aerosol concentration30416191-99
Size of the pie chart indicates the total concentration of Organic Carbon (OC) in atmospheric aerosols over the sea area.
图3 海洋有机气溶胶中不同荧光组分的激发发射波长(据参考文献[109]修改)
Fig. 3 Excitation-emission matrices of fluorescent components in marine organic aerosolsmodified after reference109])
表2 海洋有机气溶胶的分子组成和主要特征
Table 2 Molecular compositions and characteristics of Marine Organic AerosolsMOA
图4 海洋有机气溶胶的来源和生成过程
Fig. 4 Sources and formation pathways of marine organic aerosols
图5 海洋源挥发性有机物氧化生成二次有机气溶胶(据参考文献[137]修改)
Fig. 5 Formation of secondary organic aerosols via the oxidation of marine volatile organic compoundsmodified after reference137])
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