海洋科学是在观测数据积累的基础上不断发展的一门学科，其发展史上的任何一次重大突破都离不开观测技术及相应数据集的更新换代。格点化数据集的时间延拓已成为海洋数据产品更新的主要形式，总结了当前格点化海洋环境数据集的发展现状。首先，将海洋观测的发展历史总结为3个阶段：稀疏观测主导的初始积累期，大型观测计划主导的快速增长期，以及资料同化和再分析为主导的高质量发展期。其次，从温度、盐度和流场3个关键要素出发，重点介绍近几十年来国际上公开发布和更新的全球格点化海洋环境数据集，包括HYCOM、OFES、OSCAR、Drifter、ECCO和PHY等6种流场数据集，Argo、IAP、EN4和ISAS 4种三维温盐数据集，OISST、ERSST和HadISST 3种海表面温度数据集以及SMOS、Aquarius和SMAP 3种海表面盐度数据集。在已有的研究基础上，对这些数据集的来源、特征信息及优缺点作了简要回顾，为海洋科技工作者提供参考。最后，建议未来从完善和发展海洋立体观测系统，增加数据质量评估质量和改进以及优化数值模式3个方面进行研究。

Marine science is a discipline developed on the basis of continuous observation data accumulation, and major breakthroughs in marine science development history are inseparable from the updating of ocean datasets. The time extension of existing gridded datasets has become the main form of updating ocean data products. This review summarizes the current development of gridded marine environment datasets. First, the historical development of ocean observations is divided into three stages: an initial accumulation period dominated by sparse observations, a rapid growth period guided by international observation programs, and a high-quality development period driven by data assimilation and ocean reanalysis. Starting from the three key elements of temperature, salinity, and ocean current, we focus on the global gridded ocean environment datasets published and updated internationally in recent decades, including six flow field datasets, such as HYCOM and OFES, and ten thermohaline datasets, such as Argo and IAP. Based on previous studies, the sources, characteristic information, advantages, and disadvantages of these datasets are briefly reviewed to provide a reference for marine scientists. Finally, the future development direction and research focus of ocean gridded datasets are discussed.